gristi
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *gryzti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrîsti/
- Hyphenation: gri‧sti
Verb
grȉsti impf (Cyrillic spelling гри̏сти)
- (transitive, intransitive) to bite, gnaw, nibble
- (transitive, intransitive) to corrode, erode, fret eat away at (gradually wear away by rubbing or chemically)
- (transitive, colloquial) to annoy, bother, vex, rankle
- (transitive, colloquial, by extension) to snap at, snarl at, rail at (another person due to annoyance)
- (transitive, intransitive, colloquial) to snack
Conjugation
Conjugation of gristi
| Infinitive: gristi | Present verbal adverb: grízūći | Past verbal adverb: grȉzāvši | Verbal noun: grízēnje | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
| Present | grizem | grizeš | grize | grizemo | grizete | grizu | |
| Future | Future I | grist ću1 grišću | grist ćeš1 grišćeš | grist će1 grišće | grist ćemo1 grišćemo | grist ćete1 grišćete | grist će1 grišće |
| Future II | bȕdēm grizao2 | bȕdēš grizao2 | bȕdē grizao2 | bȕdēmo grizli2 | bȕdēte grizli2 | bȕdū grizli2 | |
| Past | Perfect | grizao sam2 | grizao si2 | grizao je2 | grizli smo2 | grizli ste2 | grizli su2 |
| Pluperfect3 | bȉo sam grizao2 | bȉo si grizao2 | bȉo je grizao2 | bíli smo grizli2 | bíli ste grizli2 | bíli su grizli2 | |
| Aorist | grizoh | grize | grize | grizosmo | grizoste | grizoše | |
| Imperfect | grizijah | grizijaše | grizijaše | grizijasmo | grizijaste | grizijahu | |
| Conditional I | grizao bih2 | grizao bi2 | grizao bi2 | grizli bismo2 | grizli biste2 | grizli bi2 | |
| Conditional II4 | bȉo bih grizao2 | bȉo bi grizao2 | bȉo bi grizao2 | bíli bismo grizli2 | bíli biste grizli2 | bíli bi grizli2 | |
| Imperative | — | grizi | — | grizimo | grizite | — | |
| Active past participle | grizao m / grizla f / grizlo n | grizli m / grizle f / grizla n | |||||
| Passive past participle | grizen m / grizena f / grizeno n | grizeni m / grizene f / grizena n | |||||
| 1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4 Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. | |||||||
Derived terms
- grȉckalica
- grȉckati
- ìzgristi
- nàgristi
- òdgristi
- pòdgristi
- prègristi
- prìgristi
- prògristi
- ràzgristi
- ùgristi
- zàgristi
- zgrȉsti
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *gryzti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrìːsti/
Verb
grísti impf
- to bite
Inflection
| Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | grísti | |||||
| 1st singular | grízem | |||||
| infinitive | grísti | grȉst, grȋst | ||||
| supine | grȋst | |||||
| verbal noun | grízenje | |||||
| participle | converb | |||||
| present | grizọ̄č | — | ||||
| past | grȋzen | — | ||||
| l-participle | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| singular | grȋzəł | grízla | grízlo | |||
| dual | grízla | grízli | grízli | |||
| plural | grízli | grízle | grízla | |||
| present | imperative | |||||
| 1st singular | grízem | — | ||||
| 2nd singular | grízeš | grízi | ||||
| 3rd singular | gríze | — | ||||
| 1st dual | grízeva | gríziva | ||||
| 2nd dual | grízeta | grízita | ||||
| 3rd dual | grízeta | — | ||||
| 1st plural | grízemo | grízimo | ||||
| 2nd plural | grízete | grízite | ||||
| 3rd plural | grízejo | — | ||||
Derived terms
- odgrísti
- ogrísti
- pregrísti
- prigrísti
- ugrísti
- zgrísti
Further reading
- “gristi”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran