gripen
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣriːpən/
Verb
gripen
- to grab
- to attack, to overwhelm
- to understand
Inflection
| Strong class 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | gripen | |
| 3rd sg. past | grêep | |
| 3rd pl. past | grēpen | |
| Past participle | gegrēpen | |
| Infinitive | gripen | |
| In genitive | gripens | |
| In dative | gripene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | gripe | grêep |
| 2nd singular | grijps, gripes | grēeps, grēpes |
| 3rd singular | grijpt, gripet | grêep |
| 1st plural | gripen | grēpen |
| 2nd plural | grijpt, gripet | grēept, grēpet |
| 3rd plural | gripen | grēpen |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | gripe | grēpe |
| 2nd singular | grijps, gripes | grēpes |
| 3rd singular | gripe | grēpe |
| 1st plural | gripen | grēpen |
| 2nd plural | grijpt, gripet | grēpet |
| 3rd plural | gripen | grēpen |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | grijp, gripe | |
| Plural | grijpt, gripet | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | gripende | gegrēpen |
Descendants
- Dutch: grijpen
- Limburgish: griepe
Further reading
- “gripen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “gripen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.
Alternative forms
- grypen, grype, gripe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡriːpən/
Verb
gripen
- To grip or grab onto (often to take away)
- To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
- To make material gains come into one's possession.
- To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)
- To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.
Usage notes
This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.
Conjugation
Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1 or weak in -ed)
| infinitive | (to) gripen, gripe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | gripe | grop, griped | |
| 2nd-person singular | gripest | grope, gripe, grepe, grop, gripedest | |
| 3rd-person singular | gripeth | grop, griped | |
| subjunctive singular | gripe | grope1, gripe1, grepe1, griped1 | |
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural2 | gripen, gripe | gropen, grope, gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, gripeden, gripede | |
| imperative plural | gripeth, gripe | — | |
| participles | gripynge, gripende | gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, griped, ygripen, ygripe | |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: gripe
- Scots: gripe, grip
References
- “grīpen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-04.
Etymology 2
From gripe (“grip”) + -en (plural suffix).
Noun
gripen
- plural of gripe (“grip”)
Noun
gripen
- Alternative form of grippen
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
gripen
- masculine and feminine past participle of gripa
Swedish
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /ˈɡriːpɛn/
Noun
gripen
- definite singular of grip.
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /²ɡriːpɛn/
Audio: (file)
Verb
gripen
- past participle of gripa.
Anagrams
- gripne