gratulor
Ido
Verb
gratulor
- future infinitive of gratular
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to welcome, greet, praise”). Cognates include Sanskrit गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti, “to praise”), Old Church Slavonic жрьти (žrĭti) and Old Prussian girtwei (“to praise”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡraː.tu.lor/, [ˈɡräːt̪ʊɫ̪ɔr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡra.tu.lor/, [ˈɡräːt̪ulor]
Verb
grātulor (present infinitive grātulārī, perfect active grātulātus sum); first conjugation, deponent
- I congratulate
- Synonym: congrātulor
- I rejoice
- Synonyms: ovō, exsultō, exhilarō, gaudeō, congrātulor, fruor
- Antonym: displiceō
- I give thanks
Conjugation
Conjugation of grātulor (first conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | grātulor | grātulāris, grātulāre | grātulātur | grātulāmur | grātulāminī | grātulantur |
imperfect | grātulābar | grātulābāris, grātulābāre | grātulābātur | grātulābāmur | grātulābāminī | grātulābantur | |
future | grātulābor | grātulāberis, grātulābere | grātulābitur | grātulābimur | grātulābiminī | grātulābuntur | |
perfect | grātulātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | grātulātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | grātulātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | grātuler | grātulēris, grātulēre | grātulētur | grātulēmur | grātulēminī | grātulentur |
imperfect | grātulārer | grātulārēris, grātulārēre | grātulārētur | grātulārēmur | grātulārēminī | grātulārentur | |
perfect | grātulātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | grātulātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | grātulāre | — | — | grātulāminī | — |
future | — | grātulātor | grātulātor | — | — | grātulantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | grātulārī | grātulātum esse | grātulātūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | grātulāns | grātulātus | grātulātūrus | — | — | grātulandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
grātulandī | grātulandō | grātulandum | grātulandō | grātulātum | grātulātū |
Derived terms
- congrātulor
- grātulābundus
- grātulātiō
- grātulātōrius
Descendants
- Catalan: gratular
- → Alemannic German: glateliere
- → Czech: gratulovat
- → Danish: gratulere
- → German: gratulieren
- → Hungarian: gratulál
- → Norwegian: gratulere
- → Swedish: gratulera
References
- “gratulor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gratulor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gratulor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re
- to congratulate a person on his victory: victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui
- to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re