gram

See also: Gram, grâm, grām, gräm, gram., -gram, and 'gram

English

Alternative forms

gramme (chiefly British)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡɹæm/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -æm
Homophone: graham (GenAm)

Etymology 1

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

Translations

unit of mass

Afrikaans: gram (af)
Albanian: gram (sq) m
Arabic: جْرَام‎ m (gram), غْرَام‎ m (ḡrām), غْرَام‎ m (gram)
Egyptian Arabic: جرام‎ m (grām)
Hijazi Arabic: قرام‎ m (grām)
Armenian: գրամ (hy) (gram)
Asturian: gramu m
Azerbaijani: qram (az)
Belarusian: грам m (hram)
Bengali: গ্রাম (bn) (gram)
Bulgarian: грам (bg) m (gram)
Burmese: ဂရမ် (my) (ga.ram)
Catalan: gram (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 克 (hak¹), 公克 (gung¹ hak¹)
Hakka: 克 (khiet), 公克 (kûng-khiet), 古拉母 (kù-la-mú)
Mandarin: 克 (zh) (kè), 公克 (zh) (gōngkè)
Min Nan: 公克 (zh-min-nan) (kong-khek)
Czech: gram (cs) m
Danish: gram (da) n
Dutch: gram (nl) m
Esperanto: gramo
Estonian: gramm
Finnish: gramma (fi)
French: gramme (fr) m
Galician: gramo (gl) m
Georgian: გრამი (grami)
German: Gramm (de) n
Greek: γραμμάριο (el) n (grammário)
Ancient: γραμμάριον n (grammárion)
Gujarati: ગ્રામ (grām)
Hebrew: גְרַם‎ (he) m (gram)
Hindi: ग्राम (hi) m (grām)
Hungarian: gramm (hu)
Icelandic: gramm (is) n
Ido: gramo (io)
Indonesian: gram (id)
Irish: gram m
Italian: grammo (it) m
Japanese: グラム (ja) (guramu)
Kannada: ಗ್ರಾಮು (grāmu)
Kazakh: грамм (gramm)
Khmer: ក្រាម (km) (kraam)
Korean: 그램 (ko) (geuraem)
Kyrgyz: грамм (ky) (gramm)
Lao: ກຣັມ (ka ram), ກັມ (kam), ກະລາມ (lo) (ka lām)
Latvian: grams m
Lithuanian: gramas (lt) m
Luxembourgish: Gramm m
Lü: ᦂᧄ (k̇am)
Macedonian: грам m (gram)
Malay: gram
Maori: karamu, koma
Mongolian: грамм (mn) (gramm)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: gram (no) n
Nynorsk: gram n
Occitan: grama (oc) m
Persian: گرم‎ (fa) (geram)
Polish: gram (pl) m
Portuguese: grama (pt) m
Punjabi: ਗ੍ਰਾਮ (grām)
Quechua: k'isura
Romagnol: grâm m
Romanian: gram (ro) n
Russian: грамм (ru) m (gramm)
Scottish Gaelic: gram m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: gram (sh) m
Roman: грам
Shan: ၷြမ် (grǎm)
Sinhalese: ග්රෑම් (grǣm), ග්‍රෑම් (grǣm)
Slovak: gram (sk) m
Slovene: gram (sl) m
Sotho: geramo
Spanish: gramo (es) m
Swahili: gramu (sw)
Swedish: gram (sv) n
Tagalog: gramo
Tajik: грамм (gramm)
Telugu: గ్రాము (te) (grāmu)
Thai: กรัม (th) (gram)
Turkish: gram (tr)
Turkmen: gramm
Ukrainian: грам (uk) m (hram)
Urdu: گرام‎ m (grām)
Uzbek: gramm (uz)
Vietnamese: gam (vi)
Yiddish: גראַם‎ (gram)
Yoruba: gíráàmù

Etymology 2

From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin grānum.[1] Doublet of grain.

Noun

gram (countable and uncountable, plural grams)

A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.
- 1870, Henry Letheby, On Food (page 22)
  The next class of farinaceous foods are the Pulses, as peas, beans, and lentils of this country, and the dholls and grams of India.
(uncountable) The seeds of these plants.

Derived terms

Bengal gram
gram flour

Translations

A leguminous plant

Bulgarian: нахут m (nahut)

Etymology 3

Diminutive of grandmother.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

Grandmother.

Pronunciation

(US) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɹeəm/, /ˈɡɹæm/

Noun

gram (uncountable)

(US) Misspelling of graham.

Etymology 5

Clipping of Instagram.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

(colloquial) Alternative form of 'gram

References

Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary. 1976. pp. 566

Anagrams

MAgr, marg

Catalan

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾam/
Rhymes: -am

Etymology 1

From French gramme.

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

gram (unit of mass)

Etymology 2

From Latin grāmen. Previously applied to grasses in general but now restricted to a few specific species.

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

Bermuda grass

Derived terms

gramera
gram negre
gramós

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]
Hyphenation: gram
Rhymes: -am

Noun

gram m inan

gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	gramu	gramů
dative	gramu	gramům
accusative	gram	gramy
vocative	grame	gramy
locative	gramu	gramech
instrumental	gramem	gramy

Derived terms

miligram
centigram
decigram
dekagram
kilogram

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse gramr, cognate with the Icelandic gramur (“resentful, irritated”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Adjective

gram

irate

Inflection

Inflection of gram
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Common singular	gram	—	—²
Neuter singular	gramt	—	—²
Plural	gramme	—	—²
Definite attributive¹	gramme	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Related terms

gram i hu

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek γραμμά (grammá).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Noun

gram n (singular definite grammet, plural indefinite gram)

gram (unit of mass)

Inflection

Declension of gram

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gram	grammet	gram	grammene
genitive	grams	grammets	grams	grammenes

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣrɑm/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: gram
Rhymes: -ɑm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma during the French Revolution, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n or m (plural grammen, diminutive grammetje n)

gram (unit of mass)

Derived terms

centigram
decagram
decigram
hectogram
kilogram
microgram
milligram
nanogram

Descendants

→ Indonesian: gram

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch gram (“wrath”).

Adjective

gram (comparative grammer, superlative gramst)

(rare) angry, irate

Etymology 3

Substantivization of the adjective above.

Noun

gram m (uncountable, diminutive grammetje n)

(rare) wrath

German

Etymology

From Middle High German gram, from Old High German gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Adjective

gram (indeclinable)

angry

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch gram, from French gramme, from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]
Hyphenation: gram

Noun

gram (first-person possessive gramku, second-person possessive grammu, third-person possessive gramnya)

gram: a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

Irish

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾˠamˠ/

Noun

gram m (genitive singular graim, nominative plural graim)

gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gram	graim
Vocative	a ghraim	a ghrama
Genitive	graim	gram
Dative	gram	graim

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an gram	na graim
Genitive	an ghraim	na ngram
Dative	leis an ngram don ghram	leis na graim

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gram	ghram	ngram
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

gram

angry
sad, upset

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Dutch: gram

Middle English

Old English gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz; cognate to Old Norse gramr. Related to grim.

Adjective

gram

Angry.
- c. 1300, Havelok the Dane:
  For he knew, the swike dam, / Euerildel God was him gram.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma or grammene)

a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

mikrogram

References

“gram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“gram_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma)

a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

mikrogram

References

“gram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡrɑm/

Adjective

gram

angry, hostile

Declension

Declension of gram — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	gram	gramu, gramo	gram
Accusative	gramne	grame	gram
Genitive	grames	gramre	grames
Dative	gramum	gramre	gramum
Instrumental	grame	gramre	grame
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Accusative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Genitive	gramra	gramra	gramra
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Declension of gram — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grama	grame	grame
Accusative	graman	graman	grame
Genitive	graman	graman	graman
Dative	graman	graman	graman
Instrumental	graman	graman	graman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	graman	graman	graman
Accusative	graman	graman	graman
Genitive	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Old Norse

Noun

gram

accusative/dative singular of gramr

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡram/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -am
Syllabification: gram
Homophone: -gram

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram m inan

gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	grama	gramów
dative	gramowi	gramom
accusative	gram	gramy
instrumental	gramem	gramami
locative	gramie	gramach
vocative	gramie	gramy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

gram

first-person singular present indicative of grać

Portuguese

Noun

gram m (plural grãos)

Obsolete spelling of grão

Descendants

→ English: gram

Adjective

gram

Obsolete spelling of grão

Romanian

Etymology

From French gramme.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡram/
Rhymes: -am

Noun

gram n (plural grame)

gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) gram	gramul	(niște) grame	gramele
genitive/dative	(unui) gram	gramului	(unor) grame	gramelor
vocative	gramule		gramelor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡram/

Noun

gram m (plural gramichean)

gram (unit of mass)

Derived terms

cileagram (“kilogram”)
micreo-gram (“microgram”)

Related terms

tunna (“tonne”)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
gram	ghram
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Edward Dwelly (1911), “gram”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡrâm/

Noun

grȁm m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏м)

gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	grȁm	grȁmi
genitive	grȁma	grȃmā
dative	grȁmu	grȁmima
accusative	grȁm	grȁme
vocative	grȁme	grȁmi
locative	grȁmu	grȁmima
instrumental	grȁmom	grȁmima

Swedish

Pronunciation

audio (file)

Noun

gram n

gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	gram	grammet	gram	grammen
Genitive	grams	grammets	grams	grammens

Tatar

Noun

gram

Latin spelling of грам (gram, “gram (unit of mass)”)

Declension

declension of gram

Nominative	gram
Genitive	gramnıñ
Dative	gramga
Accusative	gramnı
Locative	gramda
Ablative	gramnan

Volapük

Noun

gram (nominative plural grams)

gram

Declension

declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	grams
genitive	grama	gramas
dative	grame	grames
accusative	grami	gramis
vocative ¹	o gram!	o grams!
predicative ²	gramu	gramus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

[1] Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary. 1976. pp. 566

gram

English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Noun

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 5

Noun

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Czech

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Danish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

Etymology 2

Adjective

Etymology 3

Noun

See also

German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Further reading

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Adjective

Inflection

Descendants

Further reading