gqula
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ᶢǃʱúːla/
Verb
-gqúla
- (transitive) to knock against
- (transitive) to prod, to poke, to thrust, to jab
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugqula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugqula | ukungagquli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gqula | -gqule | |||||||
Plural | gqulani | -gquleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagqula, ngigqula | engigqulayo, engigqula | ngigqula | angigquli | engingagquli | ngingagquli | |||
2nd singular | uyagqula, ugqula | ogqulayo, ogqula | ugqula | awugquli | ongagquli | ungagquli | |||
1st plural | siyagqula, sigqula | esigqulayo, esigqula | sigqula | asigquli | esingagquli | singagquli | |||
2nd plural | niyagqula, nigqula | enigqulayo, enigqula | nigqula | anigquli | eningagquli | ningagquli | |||
Class 1 | uyagqula, ugqula | ogqulayo, ogqula | egqula | akagquli | ongagquli | engagquli | |||
Class 2 | bayagqula, bagqula | abagqulayo, abagqula | begqula | abagquli | abangagquli | bengagquli | |||
Class 3 | uyagqula, ugqula | ogqulayo, ogqula | ugqula | awugquli | ongagquli | ungagquli | |||
Class 4 | iyagqula, igqula | egqulayo, egqula | igqula | ayigquli | engagquli | ingagquli | |||
Class 5 | liyagqula, ligqula | eligqulayo, eligqula | ligqula | aligquli | elingagquli | lingagquli | |||
Class 6 | ayagqula, agqula | agqulayo, agqula | egqula | awagquli | angagquli | engagquli | |||
Class 7 | siyagqula, sigqula | esigqulayo, esigqula | sigqula | asigquli | esingagquli | singagquli | |||
Class 8 | ziyagqula, zigqula | ezigqulayo, ezigqula | zigqula | azigquli | ezingagquli | zingagquli | |||
Class 9 | iyagqula, igqula | egqulayo, egqula | igqula | ayigquli | engagquli | ingagquli | |||
Class 10 | ziyagqula, zigqula | ezigqulayo, ezigqula | zigqula | azigquli | ezingagquli | zingagquli | |||
Class 11 | luyagqula, lugqula | olugqulayo, olugqula | lugqula | alugquli | olungagquli | lungagquli | |||
Class 14 | buyagqula, bugqula | obugqulayo, obugqula | bugqula | abugquli | obungagquli | bungagquli | |||
Class 15 | kuyagqula, kugqula | okugqulayo, okugqula | kugqula | akugquli | okungagquli | kungagquli | |||
Class 17 | kuyagqula, kugqula | okugqulayo, okugqula | kugqula | akugquli | okungagquli | kungagquli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigqulile, ngigqulē | engigqulile, engigqulē | ngigqulile, ngigqulē | angigqulanga | engingagqulanga | ngingagqulanga | |||
2nd singular | ugqulile, ugqulē | ogqulile, ogqulē | ugqulile, ugqulē | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga | |||
1st plural | sigqulile, sigqulē | esigqulile, esigqulē | sigqulile, sigqulē | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga | |||
2nd plural | nigqulile, nigqulē | enigqulile, enigqulē | nigqulile, nigqulē | anigqulanga | eningagqulanga | ningagqulanga | |||
Class 1 | ugqulile, ugqulē | ogqulile, ogqulē | egqulile, egqulē | akagqulanga | ongagqulanga | engagqulanga | |||
Class 2 | bagqulile, bagqulē | abagqulile, abagqulē | begqulile, begqulē | abagqulanga | abangagqulanga | bengagqulanga | |||
Class 3 | ugqulile, ugqulē | ogqulile, ogqulē | ugqulile, ugqulē | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga | |||
Class 4 | igqulile, igqulē | egqulile, egqulē | igqulile, igqulē | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga | |||
Class 5 | ligqulile, ligqulē | eligqulile, eligqulē | ligqulile, ligqulē | aligqulanga | elingagqulanga | lingagqulanga | |||
Class 6 | agqulile, agqulē | agqulile, agqulē | egqulile, egqulē | awagqulanga | angagqulanga | engagqulanga | |||
Class 7 | sigqulile, sigqulē | esigqulile, esigqulē | sigqulile, sigqulē | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga | |||
Class 8 | zigqulile, zigqulē | ezigqulile, ezigqulē | zigqulile, zigqulē | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga | |||
Class 9 | igqulile, igqulē | egqulile, egqulē | igqulile, igqulē | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga | |||
Class 10 | zigqulile, zigqulē | ezigqulile, ezigqulē | zigqulile, zigqulē | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga | |||
Class 11 | lugqulile, lugqulē | olugqulile, olugqulē | lugqulile, lugqulē | alugqulanga | olungagqulanga | lungagqulanga | |||
Class 14 | bugqulile, bugqulē | obugqulile, obugqulē | bugqulile, bugqulē | abugqulanga | obungagqulanga | bungagqulanga | |||
Class 15 | kugqulile, kugqulē | okugqulile, okugqulē | kugqulile, kugqulē | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga | |||
Class 17 | kugqulile, kugqulē | okugqulile, okugqulē | kugqulile, kugqulē | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgqula | engāgqula | ngāgqula | angigqulanga | engingagqulanga | ngingagqulanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgqula | owāgqula | wāgqula | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga | |||
1st plural | sāgqula | esāgqula | sāgqula | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgqula | enāgqula | nāgqula | anigqulanga | eningagqulanga | ningagqulanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgqula | owāgqula | āgqula | akagqulanga | ongagqulanga | engagqulanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgqula | abāgqula | bāgqula | abagqulanga | abangagqulanga | bengagqulanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgqula | owāgqula | wāgqula | awugqulanga | ongagqulanga | ungagqulanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgqula | eyāgqula | yāgqula | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgqula | elāgqula | lāgqula | aligqulanga | elingagqulanga | lingagqulanga | |||
Class 6 | āgqula | āgqula | āgqula | awagqulanga | angagqulanga | engagqulanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgqula | esāgqula | sāgqula | asigqulanga | esingagqulanga | singagqulanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgqula | ezāgqula | zāgqula | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgqula | eyāgqula | yāgqula | ayigqulanga | engagqulanga | ingagqulanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgqula | ezāgqula | zāgqula | azigqulanga | ezingagqulanga | zingagqulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgqula | olwāgqula | lwāgqula | alugqulanga | olungagqulanga | lungagqulanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgqula | obāgqula | bāgqula | abugqulanga | obungagqulanga | bungagqulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgqula | okwāgqula | kwāgqula | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgqula | okwāgqula | kwāgqula | akugqulanga | okungagqulanga | kungagqulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagqula | — | ngingagqula | ngingegqule | — | ngingegqule | |||
2nd singular | ungagqula | — | ungagqula | ungegqule | — | ungegqule | |||
1st plural | singagqula | — | singagqula | singegqule | — | singegqule | |||
2nd plural | ningagqula | — | ningagqula | ningegqule | — | ningegqule | |||
Class 1 | angagqula | — | engagqula | angegqule | — | engegqule | |||
Class 2 | bangagqula | — | bengagqula | bangegqule | — | bengegqule | |||
Class 3 | ungagqula | — | ungagqula | ungegqule | — | ungegqule | |||
Class 4 | ingagqula | — | ingagqula | ingegqule | — | ingegqule | |||
Class 5 | lingagqula | — | lingagqula | lingegqule | — | lingegqule | |||
Class 6 | angagqula | — | engagqula | angegqule | — | engegqule | |||
Class 7 | singagqula | — | singagqula | singegqule | — | singegqule | |||
Class 8 | zingagqula | — | zingagqula | zingegqule | — | zingegqule | |||
Class 9 | ingagqula | — | ingagqula | ingegqule | — | ingegqule | |||
Class 10 | zingagqula | — | zingagqula | zingegqule | — | zingegqule | |||
Class 11 | lungagqula | — | lungagqula | lungegqule | — | lungegqule | |||
Class 14 | bungagqula | — | bungagqula | bungegqule | — | bungegqule | |||
Class 15 | kungagqula | — | kungagqula | kungegqule | — | kungegqule | |||
Class 17 | kungagqula | — | kungagqula | kungegqule | — | kungegqule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogqula | engizogqula | ngizogqula | angizugqula | engingezugqula | ngingezugqula | |||
2nd singular | uzogqula | ozogqula | uzogqula | awuzugqula | ongezugqula | ungezugqula | |||
1st plural | sizogqula | esizogqula | sizogqula | asizugqula | esingezugqula | singezugqula | |||
2nd plural | nizogqula | enizogqula | nizogqula | anizugqula | eningezugqula | ningezugqula | |||
Class 1 | uzogqula | ozogqula | ezogqula | akazugqula | ongezugqula | engezugqula | |||
Class 2 | bazogqula | abazogqula | bezogqula | abazugqula | abangezugqula | bengezugqula | |||
Class 3 | uzogqula | ozogqula | uzogqula | awuzugqula | ongezugqula | ungezugqula | |||
Class 4 | izogqula | ezogqula | izogqula | ayizugqula | engezugqula | ingezugqula | |||
Class 5 | lizogqula | elizogqula | lizogqula | alizugqula | elingezugqula | lingezugqula | |||
Class 6 | azogqula | azogqula | ezogqula | awazugqula | angezugqula | engezugqula | |||
Class 7 | sizogqula | esizogqula | sizogqula | asizugqula | esingezugqula | singezugqula | |||
Class 8 | zizogqula | ezizogqula | zizogqula | azizugqula | ezingezugqula | zingezugqula | |||
Class 9 | izogqula | ezogqula | izogqula | ayizugqula | engezugqula | ingezugqula | |||
Class 10 | zizogqula | ezizogqula | zizogqula | azizugqula | ezingezugqula | zingezugqula | |||
Class 11 | luzogqula | oluzogqula | luzogqula | aluzugqula | olungezugqula | lungezugqula | |||
Class 14 | buzogqula | obuzogqula | buzogqula | abuzugqula | obungezugqula | bungezugqula | |||
Class 15 | kuzogqula | okuzogqula | kuzogqula | akuzugqula | okungezugqula | kungezugqula | |||
Class 17 | kuzogqula | okuzogqula | kuzogqula | akuzugqula | okungezugqula | kungezugqula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogqula | engiyogqula | ngiyogqula | angiyugqula | engingeyugqula | ngingeyugqula | |||
2nd singular | uyogqula | oyogqula | uyogqula | awuyugqula | ongeyugqula | ungeyugqula | |||
1st plural | siyogqula | esiyogqula | siyogqula | asiyugqula | esingeyugqula | singeyugqula | |||
2nd plural | niyogqula | eniyogqula | niyogqula | aniyugqula | eningeyugqula | ningeyugqula | |||
Class 1 | uyogqula | oyogqula | eyogqula | akayugqula | ongeyugqula | engeyugqula | |||
Class 2 | bayogqula | abayogqula | beyogqula | abayugqula | abangeyugqula | bengeyugqula | |||
Class 3 | uyogqula | oyogqula | uyogqula | awuyugqula | ongeyugqula | ungeyugqula | |||
Class 4 | iyogqula | eyogqula | iyogqula | ayiyugqula | engeyugqula | ingeyugqula | |||
Class 5 | liyogqula | eliyogqula | liyogqula | aliyugqula | elingeyugqula | lingeyugqula | |||
Class 6 | ayogqula | ayogqula | eyogqula | awayugqula | angeyugqula | engeyugqula | |||
Class 7 | siyogqula | esiyogqula | siyogqula | asiyugqula | esingeyugqula | singeyugqula | |||
Class 8 | ziyogqula | eziyogqula | ziyogqula | aziyugqula | ezingeyugqula | zingeyugqula | |||
Class 9 | iyogqula | eyogqula | iyogqula | ayiyugqula | engeyugqula | ingeyugqula | |||
Class 10 | ziyogqula | eziyogqula | ziyogqula | aziyugqula | ezingeyugqula | zingeyugqula | |||
Class 11 | luyogqula | oluyogqula | luyogqula | aluyugqula | olungeyugqula | lungeyugqula | |||
Class 14 | buyogqula | obuyogqula | buyogqula | abuyugqula | obungeyugqula | bungeyugqula | |||
Class 15 | kuyogqula | okuyogqula | kuyogqula | akuyugqula | okungeyugqula | kungeyugqula | |||
Class 17 | kuyogqula | okuyogqula | kuyogqula | akuyugqula | okungeyugqula | kungeyugqula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigqule | ngingagquli | |||||||
2nd singular | ugqule | ungagquli | |||||||
1st plural | sigqule | singagquli | |||||||
2nd plural | nigqule | ningagquli | |||||||
Class 1 | agqule | angagquli | |||||||
Class 2 | bagqule | bangagquli | |||||||
Class 3 | ugqule | ungagquli | |||||||
Class 4 | igqule | ingagquli | |||||||
Class 5 | ligqule | lingagquli | |||||||
Class 6 | agqule | angagquli | |||||||
Class 7 | sigqule | singagquli | |||||||
Class 8 | zigqule | zingagquli | |||||||
Class 9 | igqule | ingagquli | |||||||
Class 10 | zigqule | zingagquli | |||||||
Class 11 | lugqule | lungagquli | |||||||
Class 14 | bugqule | bungagquli | |||||||
Class 15 | kugqule | kungagquli | |||||||
Class 17 | kugqule | kungagquli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagqula | ngangagqula, angagqula, angangagqula | |||||||
2nd singular | wagqula | wangagqula, awagqula, awangagqula | |||||||
1st plural | sagqula | sangagqula, asagqula, asangagqula | |||||||
2nd plural | nagqula | nangagqula, anagqula, anangagqula | |||||||
Class 1 | wagqula | wangagqula, akagqula, akangagqula | |||||||
Class 2 | bagqula | bangagqula, abagqula, abangagqula | |||||||
Class 3 | wagqula | wangagqula, awagqula, awangagqula | |||||||
Class 4 | yagqula | yangagqula, ayagqula, ayangagqula | |||||||
Class 5 | lagqula | langagqula, alagqula, alangagqula | |||||||
Class 6 | agqula | angagqula, awagqula, awangagqula | |||||||
Class 7 | sagqula | sangagqula, asagqula, asangagqula | |||||||
Class 8 | zagqula | zangagqula, azagqula, azangagqula | |||||||
Class 9 | yagqula | yangagqula, ayagqula, ayangagqula | |||||||
Class 10 | zagqula | zangagqula, azagqula, azangagqula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagqula | lwangagqula, alwagqula, alwangagqula | |||||||
Class 14 | bagqula | bangagqula, abagqula, abangagqula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagqula | kwangagqula, akwagqula, akwangagqula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagqula | kwangagqula, akwagqula, akwangagqula |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gqula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqula (3.9)”