gqamuka
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ᶢǃʱamúːɠa/
Verb
-gqamúka
- (intransitive) to blaze up, to flame up, to flare up
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugqamuka | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugqamuka | ukungagqamuki | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gqamuka | -gqamuke | |||||||
Plural | gqamukani | -gqamukeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagqamuka, ngigqamuka | engigqamukayo, engigqamuka | ngigqamuka | angigqamuki | engingagqamuki | ngingagqamuki | |||
2nd singular | uyagqamuka, ugqamuka | ogqamukayo, ogqamuka | ugqamuka | awugqamuki | ongagqamuki | ungagqamuki | |||
1st plural | siyagqamuka, sigqamuka | esigqamukayo, esigqamuka | sigqamuka | asigqamuki | esingagqamuki | singagqamuki | |||
2nd plural | niyagqamuka, nigqamuka | enigqamukayo, enigqamuka | nigqamuka | anigqamuki | eningagqamuki | ningagqamuki | |||
Class 1 | uyagqamuka, ugqamuka | ogqamukayo, ogqamuka | egqamuka | akagqamuki | ongagqamuki | engagqamuki | |||
Class 2 | bayagqamuka, bagqamuka | abagqamukayo, abagqamuka | begqamuka | abagqamuki | abangagqamuki | bengagqamuki | |||
Class 3 | uyagqamuka, ugqamuka | ogqamukayo, ogqamuka | ugqamuka | awugqamuki | ongagqamuki | ungagqamuki | |||
Class 4 | iyagqamuka, igqamuka | egqamukayo, egqamuka | igqamuka | ayigqamuki | engagqamuki | ingagqamuki | |||
Class 5 | liyagqamuka, ligqamuka | eligqamukayo, eligqamuka | ligqamuka | aligqamuki | elingagqamuki | lingagqamuki | |||
Class 6 | ayagqamuka, agqamuka | agqamukayo, agqamuka | egqamuka | awagqamuki | angagqamuki | engagqamuki | |||
Class 7 | siyagqamuka, sigqamuka | esigqamukayo, esigqamuka | sigqamuka | asigqamuki | esingagqamuki | singagqamuki | |||
Class 8 | ziyagqamuka, zigqamuka | ezigqamukayo, ezigqamuka | zigqamuka | azigqamuki | ezingagqamuki | zingagqamuki | |||
Class 9 | iyagqamuka, igqamuka | egqamukayo, egqamuka | igqamuka | ayigqamuki | engagqamuki | ingagqamuki | |||
Class 10 | ziyagqamuka, zigqamuka | ezigqamukayo, ezigqamuka | zigqamuka | azigqamuki | ezingagqamuki | zingagqamuki | |||
Class 11 | luyagqamuka, lugqamuka | olugqamukayo, olugqamuka | lugqamuka | alugqamuki | olungagqamuki | lungagqamuki | |||
Class 14 | buyagqamuka, bugqamuka | obugqamukayo, obugqamuka | bugqamuka | abugqamuki | obungagqamuki | bungagqamuki | |||
Class 15 | kuyagqamuka, kugqamuka | okugqamukayo, okugqamuka | kugqamuka | akugqamuki | okungagqamuki | kungagqamuki | |||
Class 17 | kuyagqamuka, kugqamuka | okugqamukayo, okugqamuka | kugqamuka | akugqamuki | okungagqamuki | kungagqamuki | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigqamukile, ngigqamukē | engigqamukile, engigqamukē | ngigqamukile, ngigqamukē | angigqamukanga | engingagqamukanga | ngingagqamukanga | |||
2nd singular | ugqamukile, ugqamukē | ogqamukile, ogqamukē | ugqamukile, ugqamukē | awugqamukanga | ongagqamukanga | ungagqamukanga | |||
1st plural | sigqamukile, sigqamukē | esigqamukile, esigqamukē | sigqamukile, sigqamukē | asigqamukanga | esingagqamukanga | singagqamukanga | |||
2nd plural | nigqamukile, nigqamukē | enigqamukile, enigqamukē | nigqamukile, nigqamukē | anigqamukanga | eningagqamukanga | ningagqamukanga | |||
Class 1 | ugqamukile, ugqamukē | ogqamukile, ogqamukē | egqamukile, egqamukē | akagqamukanga | ongagqamukanga | engagqamukanga | |||
Class 2 | bagqamukile, bagqamukē | abagqamukile, abagqamukē | begqamukile, begqamukē | abagqamukanga | abangagqamukanga | bengagqamukanga | |||
Class 3 | ugqamukile, ugqamukē | ogqamukile, ogqamukē | ugqamukile, ugqamukē | awugqamukanga | ongagqamukanga | ungagqamukanga | |||
Class 4 | igqamukile, igqamukē | egqamukile, egqamukē | igqamukile, igqamukē | ayigqamukanga | engagqamukanga | ingagqamukanga | |||
Class 5 | ligqamukile, ligqamukē | eligqamukile, eligqamukē | ligqamukile, ligqamukē | aligqamukanga | elingagqamukanga | lingagqamukanga | |||
Class 6 | agqamukile, agqamukē | agqamukile, agqamukē | egqamukile, egqamukē | awagqamukanga | angagqamukanga | engagqamukanga | |||
Class 7 | sigqamukile, sigqamukē | esigqamukile, esigqamukē | sigqamukile, sigqamukē | asigqamukanga | esingagqamukanga | singagqamukanga | |||
Class 8 | zigqamukile, zigqamukē | ezigqamukile, ezigqamukē | zigqamukile, zigqamukē | azigqamukanga | ezingagqamukanga | zingagqamukanga | |||
Class 9 | igqamukile, igqamukē | egqamukile, egqamukē | igqamukile, igqamukē | ayigqamukanga | engagqamukanga | ingagqamukanga | |||
Class 10 | zigqamukile, zigqamukē | ezigqamukile, ezigqamukē | zigqamukile, zigqamukē | azigqamukanga | ezingagqamukanga | zingagqamukanga | |||
Class 11 | lugqamukile, lugqamukē | olugqamukile, olugqamukē | lugqamukile, lugqamukē | alugqamukanga | olungagqamukanga | lungagqamukanga | |||
Class 14 | bugqamukile, bugqamukē | obugqamukile, obugqamukē | bugqamukile, bugqamukē | abugqamukanga | obungagqamukanga | bungagqamukanga | |||
Class 15 | kugqamukile, kugqamukē | okugqamukile, okugqamukē | kugqamukile, kugqamukē | akugqamukanga | okungagqamukanga | kungagqamukanga | |||
Class 17 | kugqamukile, kugqamukē | okugqamukile, okugqamukē | kugqamukile, kugqamukē | akugqamukanga | okungagqamukanga | kungagqamukanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgqamuka | engāgqamuka | ngāgqamuka | angigqamukanga | engingagqamukanga | ngingagqamukanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgqamuka | owāgqamuka | wāgqamuka | awugqamukanga | ongagqamukanga | ungagqamukanga | |||
1st plural | sāgqamuka | esāgqamuka | sāgqamuka | asigqamukanga | esingagqamukanga | singagqamukanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgqamuka | enāgqamuka | nāgqamuka | anigqamukanga | eningagqamukanga | ningagqamukanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgqamuka | owāgqamuka | āgqamuka | akagqamukanga | ongagqamukanga | engagqamukanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgqamuka | abāgqamuka | bāgqamuka | abagqamukanga | abangagqamukanga | bengagqamukanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgqamuka | owāgqamuka | wāgqamuka | awugqamukanga | ongagqamukanga | ungagqamukanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgqamuka | eyāgqamuka | yāgqamuka | ayigqamukanga | engagqamukanga | ingagqamukanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgqamuka | elāgqamuka | lāgqamuka | aligqamukanga | elingagqamukanga | lingagqamukanga | |||
Class 6 | āgqamuka | āgqamuka | āgqamuka | awagqamukanga | angagqamukanga | engagqamukanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgqamuka | esāgqamuka | sāgqamuka | asigqamukanga | esingagqamukanga | singagqamukanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgqamuka | ezāgqamuka | zāgqamuka | azigqamukanga | ezingagqamukanga | zingagqamukanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgqamuka | eyāgqamuka | yāgqamuka | ayigqamukanga | engagqamukanga | ingagqamukanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgqamuka | ezāgqamuka | zāgqamuka | azigqamukanga | ezingagqamukanga | zingagqamukanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgqamuka | olwāgqamuka | lwāgqamuka | alugqamukanga | olungagqamukanga | lungagqamukanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgqamuka | obāgqamuka | bāgqamuka | abugqamukanga | obungagqamukanga | bungagqamukanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgqamuka | okwāgqamuka | kwāgqamuka | akugqamukanga | okungagqamukanga | kungagqamukanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgqamuka | okwāgqamuka | kwāgqamuka | akugqamukanga | okungagqamukanga | kungagqamukanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagqamuka | — | ngingagqamuka | ngingegqamuke | — | ngingegqamuke | |||
2nd singular | ungagqamuka | — | ungagqamuka | ungegqamuke | — | ungegqamuke | |||
1st plural | singagqamuka | — | singagqamuka | singegqamuke | — | singegqamuke | |||
2nd plural | ningagqamuka | — | ningagqamuka | ningegqamuke | — | ningegqamuke | |||
Class 1 | angagqamuka | — | engagqamuka | angegqamuke | — | engegqamuke | |||
Class 2 | bangagqamuka | — | bengagqamuka | bangegqamuke | — | bengegqamuke | |||
Class 3 | ungagqamuka | — | ungagqamuka | ungegqamuke | — | ungegqamuke | |||
Class 4 | ingagqamuka | — | ingagqamuka | ingegqamuke | — | ingegqamuke | |||
Class 5 | lingagqamuka | — | lingagqamuka | lingegqamuke | — | lingegqamuke | |||
Class 6 | angagqamuka | — | engagqamuka | angegqamuke | — | engegqamuke | |||
Class 7 | singagqamuka | — | singagqamuka | singegqamuke | — | singegqamuke | |||
Class 8 | zingagqamuka | — | zingagqamuka | zingegqamuke | — | zingegqamuke | |||
Class 9 | ingagqamuka | — | ingagqamuka | ingegqamuke | — | ingegqamuke | |||
Class 10 | zingagqamuka | — | zingagqamuka | zingegqamuke | — | zingegqamuke | |||
Class 11 | lungagqamuka | — | lungagqamuka | lungegqamuke | — | lungegqamuke | |||
Class 14 | bungagqamuka | — | bungagqamuka | bungegqamuke | — | bungegqamuke | |||
Class 15 | kungagqamuka | — | kungagqamuka | kungegqamuke | — | kungegqamuke | |||
Class 17 | kungagqamuka | — | kungagqamuka | kungegqamuke | — | kungegqamuke | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogqamuka | engizogqamuka | ngizogqamuka | angizugqamuka | engingezugqamuka | ngingezugqamuka | |||
2nd singular | uzogqamuka | ozogqamuka | uzogqamuka | awuzugqamuka | ongezugqamuka | ungezugqamuka | |||
1st plural | sizogqamuka | esizogqamuka | sizogqamuka | asizugqamuka | esingezugqamuka | singezugqamuka | |||
2nd plural | nizogqamuka | enizogqamuka | nizogqamuka | anizugqamuka | eningezugqamuka | ningezugqamuka | |||
Class 1 | uzogqamuka | ozogqamuka | ezogqamuka | akazugqamuka | ongezugqamuka | engezugqamuka | |||
Class 2 | bazogqamuka | abazogqamuka | bezogqamuka | abazugqamuka | abangezugqamuka | bengezugqamuka | |||
Class 3 | uzogqamuka | ozogqamuka | uzogqamuka | awuzugqamuka | ongezugqamuka | ungezugqamuka | |||
Class 4 | izogqamuka | ezogqamuka | izogqamuka | ayizugqamuka | engezugqamuka | ingezugqamuka | |||
Class 5 | lizogqamuka | elizogqamuka | lizogqamuka | alizugqamuka | elingezugqamuka | lingezugqamuka | |||
Class 6 | azogqamuka | azogqamuka | ezogqamuka | awazugqamuka | angezugqamuka | engezugqamuka | |||
Class 7 | sizogqamuka | esizogqamuka | sizogqamuka | asizugqamuka | esingezugqamuka | singezugqamuka | |||
Class 8 | zizogqamuka | ezizogqamuka | zizogqamuka | azizugqamuka | ezingezugqamuka | zingezugqamuka | |||
Class 9 | izogqamuka | ezogqamuka | izogqamuka | ayizugqamuka | engezugqamuka | ingezugqamuka | |||
Class 10 | zizogqamuka | ezizogqamuka | zizogqamuka | azizugqamuka | ezingezugqamuka | zingezugqamuka | |||
Class 11 | luzogqamuka | oluzogqamuka | luzogqamuka | aluzugqamuka | olungezugqamuka | lungezugqamuka | |||
Class 14 | buzogqamuka | obuzogqamuka | buzogqamuka | abuzugqamuka | obungezugqamuka | bungezugqamuka | |||
Class 15 | kuzogqamuka | okuzogqamuka | kuzogqamuka | akuzugqamuka | okungezugqamuka | kungezugqamuka | |||
Class 17 | kuzogqamuka | okuzogqamuka | kuzogqamuka | akuzugqamuka | okungezugqamuka | kungezugqamuka | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogqamuka | engiyogqamuka | ngiyogqamuka | angiyugqamuka | engingeyugqamuka | ngingeyugqamuka | |||
2nd singular | uyogqamuka | oyogqamuka | uyogqamuka | awuyugqamuka | ongeyugqamuka | ungeyugqamuka | |||
1st plural | siyogqamuka | esiyogqamuka | siyogqamuka | asiyugqamuka | esingeyugqamuka | singeyugqamuka | |||
2nd plural | niyogqamuka | eniyogqamuka | niyogqamuka | aniyugqamuka | eningeyugqamuka | ningeyugqamuka | |||
Class 1 | uyogqamuka | oyogqamuka | eyogqamuka | akayugqamuka | ongeyugqamuka | engeyugqamuka | |||
Class 2 | bayogqamuka | abayogqamuka | beyogqamuka | abayugqamuka | abangeyugqamuka | bengeyugqamuka | |||
Class 3 | uyogqamuka | oyogqamuka | uyogqamuka | awuyugqamuka | ongeyugqamuka | ungeyugqamuka | |||
Class 4 | iyogqamuka | eyogqamuka | iyogqamuka | ayiyugqamuka | engeyugqamuka | ingeyugqamuka | |||
Class 5 | liyogqamuka | eliyogqamuka | liyogqamuka | aliyugqamuka | elingeyugqamuka | lingeyugqamuka | |||
Class 6 | ayogqamuka | ayogqamuka | eyogqamuka | awayugqamuka | angeyugqamuka | engeyugqamuka | |||
Class 7 | siyogqamuka | esiyogqamuka | siyogqamuka | asiyugqamuka | esingeyugqamuka | singeyugqamuka | |||
Class 8 | ziyogqamuka | eziyogqamuka | ziyogqamuka | aziyugqamuka | ezingeyugqamuka | zingeyugqamuka | |||
Class 9 | iyogqamuka | eyogqamuka | iyogqamuka | ayiyugqamuka | engeyugqamuka | ingeyugqamuka | |||
Class 10 | ziyogqamuka | eziyogqamuka | ziyogqamuka | aziyugqamuka | ezingeyugqamuka | zingeyugqamuka | |||
Class 11 | luyogqamuka | oluyogqamuka | luyogqamuka | aluyugqamuka | olungeyugqamuka | lungeyugqamuka | |||
Class 14 | buyogqamuka | obuyogqamuka | buyogqamuka | abuyugqamuka | obungeyugqamuka | bungeyugqamuka | |||
Class 15 | kuyogqamuka | okuyogqamuka | kuyogqamuka | akuyugqamuka | okungeyugqamuka | kungeyugqamuka | |||
Class 17 | kuyogqamuka | okuyogqamuka | kuyogqamuka | akuyugqamuka | okungeyugqamuka | kungeyugqamuka | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigqamuke | ngingagqamuki | |||||||
2nd singular | ugqamuke | ungagqamuki | |||||||
1st plural | sigqamuke | singagqamuki | |||||||
2nd plural | nigqamuke | ningagqamuki | |||||||
Class 1 | agqamuke | angagqamuki | |||||||
Class 2 | bagqamuke | bangagqamuki | |||||||
Class 3 | ugqamuke | ungagqamuki | |||||||
Class 4 | igqamuke | ingagqamuki | |||||||
Class 5 | ligqamuke | lingagqamuki | |||||||
Class 6 | agqamuke | angagqamuki | |||||||
Class 7 | sigqamuke | singagqamuki | |||||||
Class 8 | zigqamuke | zingagqamuki | |||||||
Class 9 | igqamuke | ingagqamuki | |||||||
Class 10 | zigqamuke | zingagqamuki | |||||||
Class 11 | lugqamuke | lungagqamuki | |||||||
Class 14 | bugqamuke | bungagqamuki | |||||||
Class 15 | kugqamuke | kungagqamuki | |||||||
Class 17 | kugqamuke | kungagqamuki | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagqamuka | ngangagqamuka, angagqamuka, angangagqamuka | |||||||
2nd singular | wagqamuka | wangagqamuka, awagqamuka, awangagqamuka | |||||||
1st plural | sagqamuka | sangagqamuka, asagqamuka, asangagqamuka | |||||||
2nd plural | nagqamuka | nangagqamuka, anagqamuka, anangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 1 | wagqamuka | wangagqamuka, akagqamuka, akangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 2 | bagqamuka | bangagqamuka, abagqamuka, abangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 3 | wagqamuka | wangagqamuka, awagqamuka, awangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 4 | yagqamuka | yangagqamuka, ayagqamuka, ayangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 5 | lagqamuka | langagqamuka, alagqamuka, alangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 6 | agqamuka | angagqamuka, awagqamuka, awangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 7 | sagqamuka | sangagqamuka, asagqamuka, asangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 8 | zagqamuka | zangagqamuka, azagqamuka, azangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 9 | yagqamuka | yangagqamuka, ayagqamuka, ayangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 10 | zagqamuka | zangagqamuka, azagqamuka, azangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagqamuka | lwangagqamuka, alwagqamuka, alwangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 14 | bagqamuka | bangagqamuka, abagqamuka, abangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagqamuka | kwangagqamuka, akwagqamuka, akwangagqamuka | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagqamuka | kwangagqamuka, akwagqamuka, akwangagqamuka |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gqamuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqamuka (3.2.9)”