gouger
English
Etymology
gouge + -er
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɡaʊdʒ.ə/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈɡaʊdʒ.ɚ/
- Rhymes: -ɜː(r), -aʊdʒə(ɹ)
Noun
gouger (plural gougers)
- Someone who gouges.
Derived terms
- sidehill gouger
French
Etymology
From gouge.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡu.ʒe/
- Homophones: gougé, gougée, gougés, gougées, gougez, gougeai
Verb
gouger
- (transitive) to work (a material) with a gouge
- (transitive) to do (a soldered joint) again to eliminate the asperities by deepening it
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written gouge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of gouger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | gougeant /ɡu.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | gougé /ɡu.ʒe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | gouger | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | gougeant /ɡu.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gouge /ɡuʒ/ | gouges /ɡuʒ/ | gouge /ɡuʒ/ | gougeons /ɡu.ʒɔ̃/ | gougez /ɡu.ʒe/ | gougent /ɡuʒ/ |
| imperfect | gougeais /ɡu.ʒɛ/ | gougeais /ɡu.ʒɛ/ | gougeait /ɡu.ʒɛ/ | gougions /ɡu.ʒjɔ̃/ | gougiez /ɡu.ʒje/ | gougeaient /ɡu.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gougeai /ɡu.ʒe/ | gougeas /ɡu.ʒa/ | gougea /ɡu.ʒa/ | gougeâmes /ɡu.ʒam/ | gougeâtes /ɡu.ʒat/ | gougèrent /ɡu.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | gougerai /ɡuʒ.ʁe/ | gougeras /ɡuʒ.ʁa/ | gougera /ɡuʒ.ʁa/ | gougerons /ɡuʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | gougerez /ɡuʒ.ʁe/ | gougeront /ɡuʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gougerais /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ | gougerais /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ | gougerait /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ | gougerions /ɡu.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | gougeriez /ɡu.ʒə.ʁje/ | gougeraient /ɡuʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gouge /ɡuʒ/ | gouges /ɡuʒ/ | gouge /ɡuʒ/ | gougions /ɡu.ʒjɔ̃/ | gougiez /ɡu.ʒje/ | gougent /ɡuʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | gougeasse /ɡu.ʒas/ | gougeasses /ɡu.ʒas/ | gougeât /ɡu.ʒa/ | gougeassions /ɡu.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | gougeassiez /ɡu.ʒa.sje/ | gougeassent /ɡu.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gouge /ɡuʒ/ | — | gougeons /ɡu.ʒɔ̃/ | gougez /ɡu.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Anagrams
- grogue