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单词 god
释义

god

See also: Appendix:Variations of "god"

English

Etymology

The Vedic god Indra (sense 1) on his mount Airavata.
A statue depicting Zeus, a Greek god (sense 1).
A Neopagan altar in Björkö, Sweden; the larger wooden figure represents the Norse god Frey (sense 1).

From Middle English god, from Old English god, originally neuter, then changed to masculine to reflect the change in religion to Christianity, from Proto-West Germanic *god n, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from *ǵʰutóm, neuter/inanimate of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós (invoked (one)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (to call, to invoke) or *ǵʰew- (to pour). Not related to the word good or Persian خدا (xodâ, god).

Cognates include Russian звать (zvatʹ, to call), Sanskrit होत्र (hotra, calling, oblation, sacrifice) and Latin fūtilis (easily pours out, leaky) (whence English futile). Doublet of futile.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɒd/, /ɡɔːd/
  • (General American, Ireland) IPA(key): /ɡɑd/
  • (file)
  • (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɡɔd/, /ɡɔːd/
  • (Canada, Wales) IPA(key): /ɡɒːd/
  • (Scotland) IPA(key): /ɡɔd/
  • enPR: gŏd
  • Homophone: gaud (in accents with the cot-caught merger)
  • Rhymes: -ɒd

Noun

god (plural gods)

  1. A deity or supreme being; a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers, to which personhood is attributed.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:god
    The most frequently used name for the Islamic god is Allah.
    • 2002, Chuck Palahniuk, Lullaby:
      When ancient Greeks had a thought, it occurred to them as a god or goddess giving an order. Apollo was telling them to be brave. Athena was telling them to fall in love.
  2. Alternative letter-case form of God.
  3. An idol.
    Leo Messi is my god!
    1. A representation of a deity, especially a statue or statuette.
    2. Something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version), London: [] Robert Barker, [], OCLC 964384981, Philippians 3:19:
        whose god is their belly
  4. (figurative, slang) A person who is exceptionally skilled in a particular activity.
    He is the god of soccer!
  5. (figurative) A person in a high position of authority, importance or influence.
  6. (figurative) A powerful ruler or tyrant.
  7. (colloquial) An exceedingly handsome man.
    Lounging on the beach were several Greek gods.
    • a. 1918, Wilfred Owen, Disabled
      Someone had said he'd look a god in kilts.
  8. (Internet, role-playing games) The person who owns and runs a multi-user dungeon.
    • 1996, Andy Eddy, Internet after hours:
      The gods usually have several wizards, or "immortals," to assist them in building the MUD.
    • 2003, David Lojek, Emote to the Max, page 11:
      The wizzes are only the junior grade of the MUD illuminati. The people who attain the senior grade of MUD freemasonry by starting their own MUD, with all due hubris, are known as gods.

Usage notes

The word god is often applied both to males and to females. The word was originally neuter in Proto-Germanic; monotheistic – notably Judeo-Christian – usage completely shifted the gender to masculine, necessitating the development of a feminine form, goddess. (In Old English the feminine gyden, as well as a more explicitly marked masculine goda, existed.)

Alternative forms

  • gawd, Gawd, God

Derived terms

  • demigod
  • GOD
  • God
  • god-awful
  • god-child, godchild
  • goddam, goddamn
  • goddaughter
  • godded
  • goddess
  • Goddess
  • godding
  • goddish
  • god-emperor
  • godfather
  • god-fearing
  • God forbid
  • god-forsaken, godforsaken
  • God-given
  • godhead
  • godhood
  • godkiller
  • god-king, god king
  • godless
  • godlike
  • godliness
  • godling
  • godlore
  • godly
  • god mode
  • godmother
  • godness
  • God of the gaps
  • godparent
  • godsend
  • godship
  • godsibling
  • godslaughter
  • godson
  • Godspeed
  • Godward
  • halfgod
  • household god
  • momentary god
  • ungodly
  • worship the porcelain god

Descendants

  • Sranan Tongo: gado

Translations

Proper noun

god

  1. (very rare) Alternative form of God
    • 1530, William Tyndall, An aunſwere vnto Syr Thomas Mores Dialogue in The whole workes of W. Tyndall, Iohn Frith, and Doct. Barnes, three worthy Martyrs, and principall teachers of this Churche of England, collected and compiled in one Tome togither, beyng before ſcattered, & now in Print here exhibited to the Church (1573), page 271/2:
      And ſuch is to beare yͤ names of god with croſſes betwene ech name about them.
    • 1900, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, "The Happy Man" in The Wild Knight and Other Poems:
      Golgotha's ghastly trinity—
      Three persons and one god.

Verb

god (third-person singular simple present gods, present participle godding, simple past and past participle godded)

  1. (transitive) To idolize.
    • 1608, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Coriolanus, Act V Scene III:
      CORIOLANUS: This last old man, / Whom with a crack'd heart I have sent to Rome, / Loved me above the measure of a father; / Nay, godded me, indeed.
    • a. 1866, Edward Bulwer Lytton, "Death and Sisyphus".
      To men the first necessity is gods; / And if the gods were not, / " Man would invent them, tho' they godded stones.
    • 2001, Conrad C. Fink, Sportswriting: The Lively Game, page 78
      "Godded him up" ... It's the fear of discerning journalists: Does coverage of athletic stars, on field and off, approach beatification of the living?
  2. (transitive) To deify.
    • 1595, Edmund Spenser, Colin Clouts Come Home Againe.
      Then got he bow and fhafts of gold and lead, / In which fo fell and puiflant he grew, / That Jove himfelfe his powre began to dread, / And, taking up to heaven, him godded new.
    • 1951, Eric Voegelin, Dante Germino ed., The New Science of Politics: An Introduction (1987), page 125
      The superman marks the end of a road on which we find such figures as the "godded man" of English Reformation mystics
    • 1956, C. S. Lewis, Fritz Eichenberg, Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold, page 241
      "She is so lately godded that she is still a rather poor goddess, Stranger.

Translations

See also

  • agnosticism
  • apatheism
  • atheism
  • deism
  • divine
  • henotheism
  • kathenotheism
  • gnosticism
  • monolatrism
  • monotheism
  • pandeism
  • pantheism
  • polytheism
  • Tetragrammaton
  • theism

References

  • Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
  • Bosworth, Toller, "An Anglo Saxon Dictionary": http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017298

Further reading

  • god on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • god (word) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

  • DOG, Dog, dog

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish gōþær, gothær, from Old Norse góðr (good), from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz. Cognate with English good and German gut.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɡ̊oˀð], [ˈɡ̊oðˀ], [ˈɡ̊oˀ]
  • Rhymes: -oð

Adjective

god (neuter godt, plural and definite singular attributive gode, comparative bedre, superlative (predicative) bedst, superlative (attributive) bedste)

  1. good

References

  • god” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch god, from Old Dutch got, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from the Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós (invoked (one)). Compare English and West Frisian god, German Gott, Danish gud.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣɔt/
  • Rhymes: -ɔt
  • (Belgium) IPA(key): [ʝɔt]
  • (Netherlands) IPA(key): [xɔt]

Noun

god m (plural goden, diminutive godje n, feminine godin)

  1. god, deity

Derived terms

  • afgod
  • berggod
  • God
  • godbevinding
  • godenbeeld
  • godenbrood
  • godendienst
  • godendochter
  • godendom
  • godendrank
  • godenkind
  • godenleer
  • godenspijs
  • godenzoon
  • godgeleerdheid
  • godgezang
  • godheid
  • godin
  • godsakker
  • godschalk
  • godsdienst
  • godsgebied
  • godsgeheim
  • godshuis
  • godskind
  • godslastering
  • godsloochening
  • godsnaam
  • godvormig
  • gut
  • krijgsgod
  • minnegod
  • ongodisme
  • vruchtbaarheidsgod

Descendants

  • Negerhollands: god, got, godt

Gothic

Romanization

gōd

  1. Romanization of 𐌲𐍉𐌳

Low German

Alternative forms

  • good, goot, got
  • (in other dialects) gaud (comparative bäter, beter)
  • (in other dialects) gut (comparative bȩter)
  • (in other dialects) gud (comparative biäter), gutt (inflected gudd-)

Etymology

From Middle Low German gôt, from Old Saxon gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡoʊt/, /ɣɔʊt/, /ɣoʊt/

Adjective

god

  1. (in some dialects) good (alternative spelling of goot)

Usage notes

  • The comparative is bäter and the superlative is best.

Lower Sorbian

Noun

god

  1. Superseded spelling of gód.

Middle Dutch

Noun

god m

  1. Alternative spelling of got

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English god, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.

Alternative forms

  • God, godd, godde

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡɔd/

Noun

god (plural goddes, genitive goddes)

  1. A god or deity; a divine individual.
  2. A person worshipped as a divinity.
Descendants
  • English: god
  • Scots: god
  • Yola: gud, Gud, God

Proper noun

god (genitive goddes, uncountable)

  1. God (the deity of Abrahamic religions, especially the Christian God, considered to be Jesus Christ)
    • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:5, page 118v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
      ⁊ leıtıs ⁊ voıces ⁊ þundꝛıngıs camen out of þe troone. ⁊ ſeuene lau[m]pıs bꝛe[n]nynge bıfoꝛe þe troone.· whıche ben þe ſeuene ſpırıtıs of god
      And lightning, sounds, and thunder came out of the throne, and seven lamps were burning in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.
  • godfader
  • godmoder
  • godsone
Descendants
  • English: God
  • Scots: God
  • Yola: Gud

References

  • god in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
  • god, god, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-23.

Etymology 2

From Old English gōd (good).

Adjective

god

  1. Alternative form of good

Middle Low German

Adjective

god

  1. Alternative spelling of gôt.

Noun

god

  1. Alternative spelling of got.
  2. Alternative spelling of gôt.

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *-ɢᴜ̓t’.

Cognates:

  • Apachean: Western Apache -god, Chiricahua -go’
  • Others: Hupa -ɢot’, Mattole -goʔł, Galice -gʷay’, Chilcotin -gʷə́d, Slavey -gó’, Dogrib -gò, Chipewyan -gór, Sekani -gʷə̀de’, Beaver -gʷəd, Lower Tanana -gᴜd, Hän -gòd, Ahtna -ɢo’d, Dena'ina -ɢət’, Eyak -ɢuʰd

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kòt], [kɣʷòt]

Noun

-god (inalienable)

  1. knee

Derived terms

  • agod (someone’s knee)
  • hagod (one’s knee)
  • bigod (his/her/their knee)
  • shigod (my knee)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse góðr, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (to join, to unite).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡuː/, [ɡɯᵝː]

Adjective

god (neuter singular godt, definite singular and plural gode, comparative bedre, indefinite superlative best, definite superlative beste)

  1. good

Derived terms

  • godartet
  • god dag
  • god jul
  • god natt
  • godta
  • godt nytt år, godt nyttår
  • ingen nyheter er gode nyheter
  • selvgod
  • så langt, så godt

References

  • “god” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse góðr, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (to join, to unite). Akin to English good.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡuː/

Adjective

god (masculine and feminine god, neuter godt, definite singular and plural gode, comparative betre, indefinite superlative best, definite superlative beste)

  1. good

Derived terms

  • god dag
  • god jol, god jul
  • god natt
  • godt nytt år, godt nyttår
  • så langt, så godt

References

  • “god” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡoːd/

Adjective

gōd (comparative betera, superlative betest, adverb wel)

  1. good
Declension
Derived terms
  • gōdnes
Descendants
  • Middle English: good, god, gode, goed, gude
    • English: good
    • Scots: guid
    • Yola: gooude, gude, gayde

Noun

gōd n

  1. good (something good or good things collectively)
Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą. Originally neuter, then changed to masculine to reflect the change in religion to Christianity.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡod/

Noun

god n or m

  1. a god
Declension
neuter
masculine
Synonyms
  • ōs
Derived terms
  • godcund (divine, godlike)
  • gyden (goddess)

Proper noun

god m

  1. Alternative letter-case form of God.
Declension
Descendants
  • Middle English: god, God, godd, godde
    • English: god
    • Scots: god
    • Yola: gud, Gud, God

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.

Adjective

gōd

  1. good

Inflection

Descendants

  • North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: gud
  • Saterland Frisian: goud
  • West Frisian: goed

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (to join, to unite).

Compare Old English gōd, Old Frisian gōd, Old High German guot, Old Dutch guot, Old Norse góðr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣoːd/
  • IPA(key): /ɡoːd/

Adjective

gōd (comparative betiro, superlative betst)

  1. good
    • Heliand, verse 363
      Davides thes gōdon
      David the Good
Declension


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: gôt
    • German Low German: good
    • Low German: goot

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣoːd/
  • IPA(key): /ɡoːd/

Noun

gōd n

  1. goodness, benefit
    • Heliand, verse 1456
      dōt im gōdes filu
      They gave to them loads of goods
Declension


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: gôt
    • German Low German: Good
    • Low German: Goot

Etymology 3

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from the Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós (invoked (one)). Compare Old English god, Old Frisian god, Old High German got, Old Norse guð.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣɔd/
  • IPA(key): /ɡoːd/

Noun

god n

  1. god
    • Heliand, verse 326
      godes ēgan barn
      God's own child
Declension


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: got

Etymology 4

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣɔd/
  • IPA(key): /ɡoːd/

Noun

god m

  1. God, the Christian god
    • Heliand, verse 11
      thia habdon maht godes helpa fan himila
      They had the power by the help of God in the heavens
Declension


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: got

Romansch

Alternative forms

  • guaud (Rumantsch Grischun)
  • uaul, gòld (Sutsilvan)
  • gôt (Surmiran)

Etymology

Of probable Germanic origin (compare German Wald, Dutch woud, English wold).

Noun

god m (plural gods)

  1. (Puter, Vallader) forest

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-. Cognate with Slovene god, Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ), Russian год (god).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡôːd/

Noun

gȏd m (Cyrillic spelling го̑д)

  1. name day
  2. anniversary, holiday
  3. ring (on a tree)

Declension

Derived terms

  • godimice
  • godinama
  • godinica

Particle

god (Cyrillic spelling год)

  1. generalization particle
    (t)ko godwhoever
    što godwhatever
    gdje godwherever
    koji godwhichever
    Uzmi koji god hoćeš!Take whichever you want!
    kad godwhenever
    čiji godwhoever's
    kako godin whichever way
    kakav godof whatever kind
    koliki godof whichever size
    koliko godno matter how much/many

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian god, Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡóːt/

Noun

gọ̑d m inan

  1. name day

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.gód
gen. sing.godú
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)
gódgodôvagodôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik)
godúgodôvgodôv
dative
(dajȃlnik)
gódugodôvomagodôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)
gódgodôvagodôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)
gódugodôvihgodôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)
gódomgodôvomagodôvi
Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.gód
gen. sing.góda
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)
gódgodôvagodôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik)
gódagodôvgodôv
dative
(dajȃlnik)
gódugodôvomagodôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)
gódgodôvagodôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)
gódugodôvihgodôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)
gódomgodôvomagodôvi

Further reading

  • god”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish gōþer, from Old Norse góðr, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (to join, to unite).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡuːd/, (colloquial) /ɡuː/
  • (file)

Adjective

god (comparative godare or bättre, superlative godast or bäst)

  1. good (not evil), kind
  2. good (in taste)
    Är maten god?
    Is the food good?
  3. (somewhat dated) good (not bad), fine, useful

Declension

Inflection of god
IndefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative2
Common singulargodgodaregodast
Neuter singulargottgodaregodast
Pluralgodagodaregodast
Masculine plural3godegodaregodast
DefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative
Masculine singular1godegodaregodaste
Allgodagodaregodaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
Inflection of god
IndefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative2
Common singulargodbättrebäst
Neuter singulargottbättrebäst
Pluralgodabättrebäst
Masculine plural3godabättrebäst
DefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative
Masculine singular1godebättrebäste
Allgodabättrebästa
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Antonyms

  • (not evil): elak, ond
  • (tasting): äcklig, illasmakande
  • (not bad): dålig

Derived terms

Anagrams

  • dog

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian god, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.

Noun

god c (plural goaden, diminutive godsje)

  1. god, deity

Further reading

  • God”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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