gmgm
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ɡɛmɡɛm/
- Conventional anglicization: gemgem
Verb
4-lit.
- (intransitive or transitive) to smash, to break
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 59–60:
- ḫtw ḥr gmgm tꜣ ḥr mnmn
- Trees were breaking, the ground was quaking.
Inflection
Conjugation of gmgm (quadriliteral / 4-lit. / 4rad.) — base stem: gmgm
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
gmgm | gmgmw, gmgm | gmgmt | gmgm | gmgm |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
gmgm | ḥr gmgm | m gmgm | r gmgm |
suffix conjugation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | passive | contingent | ||
aspect / mood | active | passive | |||
perfect | gmgm.n | gmgmw, gmgm | consecutive | gmgm.jn | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
terminative | gmgmt | ||||
perfective3 | gmgm | active + .tj1, .tw2 | obligative | gmgm.ḫr | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
imperfective | gmgm | active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
prospective3 | gmgmw, gmgm | gmgmw, gmgm | potentialis | gmgm.kꜣ | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
subjunctive | gmgm | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
verbal adjectives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | ||
active | passive | active | passive | |
perfect | gmgm.n | active + .tj1, .tw2 | — | — |
perfective | gmgm | active + .tj1, .tw2 | gmgm | gmgm, gmgmw5, gmgmy5 |
imperfective | gmgm, gmgmy, gmgmw5 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | gmgm, gmgmj6, gmgmy6 | gmgm, gmgmw5 |
prospective | gmgm, gmgmtj7 | — | gmgmwtj1 4, gmgmtj4, gmgmt4 | |
|
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gmgm
gmgm |
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 290, 295 page 162, 290, 295.