glābt

glābt

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *gleb-, *glab-, *glāb-, from Proto-Indo-European *gelb(ʰ)-, *gleb(ʰ)- (“to squeeze while holding”), from *gel- (“to roll up together, into a ball; round object”) with an extra b(ʰ). The semantic evolution was: “to grab, hold in one's hands” > “to keep, to protect (in one's hands)” > “to save (from danger, death).” Cognates include Lithuanian glóbti (“to hug, to embrace; to take, to grab for oneself; to cover, to wrap; to save, to help”), Old Prussian galbimai (“help”) (dative), poglabū (“he cuddled, hugged”), apglobte (“little crown sewn with white cloths which young women put on when they had a haircut”), Polish głobić (“to put a rim on (e.g., a barrel); to squeeze together”).[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡlâːpt]

(file)

Verb

glābt (tr., 1st conj., pres. glābju, glāb, glābj, past glābu)

1. to save (to act so as to prevent (someone's) death; to protect (someone) from death)

   glābt slīkstošo ― to save a drowning (person)

   glābt slimo bērnu ― to save a sick child

   glābt dzīvību ― to save (someone's) life

   ievainotais nav vairs glābjams ― the injured (person) can no longer be saved

   Silis saprata, ka viņam nav lemts glābt dēlu ― Silis understood that he was not destined to save (his) son

2. to save (to cure, to restore to a normal state)

   ārsti mēģināja glābt roku ― the doctors tried to save (the patient's) hand

3. to save (to prevent harm to something)

   bet mans kuģis? kas jūs pamudināja glābt arī to? ― and (what about) my ship? who will encourage you to save it, too?

   uguns bija ierobežota, sils glābts ― the fire was contained, the pine forest (was) saved

4. to save (to take action to protect from misfortune, disasters, accidents, etc.; to protect from some unwanted situation, problem)

   glābt dzimteni ― to save (one's) homeland

   glābt no verdzības ― to save (someone) from slavery

   glābt no rājiena ― to save (someone) from a scolding, a reprimand

   ja neglābšu tautu, brāļus no gūsta... ― if I don't save the people, (my) brothers, from captivity...

   Padomju vara atbrīvoja Čukču pussalas tautas,... glāba no izmiršanas ― the Soviets freed the people of the Chukchi peninsula... (and) saved (them) from extinction

5. to save (to take action to conserve one's honor, fame, reputation, etc.; to avoid dishonor, disgrace, etc.)

   glābt savu labo vārdu ― to save one's good name

   labi, ka vēl ir viena tikumīga meita pasaulē, kas glābj pagasta godu ― good that there still is one virtuous girl in the world that will save the honor of the parish

6. (figuratively) to save (to protect from something unwanted, undesirable)

   “tie mūs no lietus neglābs”, Ģirts lūkojās bērzos ― “those won't save us from the rain,” Ģirts looked at the birch trees

Conjugation

conjugation of glābt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	glābju	glābu	glābšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	glāb	glābi	glābsi	glāb
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	glābj	glāba	glābs	lai glābj
1st pers. pl.	mēs	glābjam	glābām	glābsim	glābsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	glābjat	glābāt	glābsiet, glābsit	glābiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	glābj	glāba	glābs	lai glābj
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	glābjot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		glābjošs
Past	esot glābis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		glābdams
Future	glābšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		glābjot
Imperative	lai glābjot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		glābjam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		glābis
Present	glābtu		Present Passive		glābjams
Past	būtu glābis		Past Passive		glābts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāglābj		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		glābt
Conjunctive 1	esot jāglābj		Negative Infinitive		neglābt
Conjunctive 2	jāglābjot		Verbal noun		glābšana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• izglābt
• paglābt
• saglābt

other derived terms:

• glābējs, glābēja
• glābiņš
• glābties

Related terms

• glabāt

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “glābt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN