gigno
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *gignō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵnh₁-, the reduplicated present stem of *ǵenh₁-. Cognate to Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being, to be born, to take place”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡiɡ.noː/, [ˈɡɪŋnoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒiɲ.ɲo/, [ˈd͡ʒiɲːo]
Verb
gignō (present infinitive gignere, perfect active genuī, supine genitum); third conjugation
- I bring forth as a fruit of myself: I bear, I beget, I engender, I give birth to
- Synonyms: genō, prōcreō, suscipiō, prōdō, pario, creō, enitor, cōnītor, ēdō, efficiō
- Antonyms: necō, interimō, caedō, obtruncō
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs 17:25:
- Īra patris fīlius stultus: et dolor mātris quae genuit eum.
- A foolish son is the anger of the father: and the sorrow of the mother that bore him.
(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
- A foolish son is the anger of the father: and the sorrow of the mother that bore him.
- Īra patris fīlius stultus: et dolor mātris quae genuit eum.
- (by said means): I produce, I cause, I yield
- (in the passive voice): I am born, I am begotten, I am engendered, I am produced, etc.
Conjugation
Conjugation of gignō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | gignō | gignis | gignit | gignimus | gignitis | gignunt |
imperfect | gignēbam | gignēbās | gignēbat | gignēbāmus | gignēbātis | gignēbant | |
future | gignam | gignēs | gignet | gignēmus | gignētis | gignent | |
perfect | genuī | genuistī | genuit | genuimus | genuistis | genuērunt, genuēre | |
pluperfect | genueram | genuerās | genuerat | genuerāmus | genuerātis | genuerant | |
future perfect | genuerō | genueris | genuerit | genuerimus | genueritis | genuerint | |
passive | present | gignor | gigneris, gignere | gignitur | gignimur | gigniminī | gignuntur |
imperfect | gignēbar | gignēbāris, gignēbāre | gignēbātur | gignēbāmur | gignēbāminī | gignēbantur | |
future | gignar | gignēris, gignēre | gignētur | gignēmur | gignēminī | gignentur | |
perfect | genitus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | genitus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | genitus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | gignam | gignās | gignat | gignāmus | gignātis | gignant |
imperfect | gignerem | gignerēs | gigneret | gignerēmus | gignerētis | gignerent | |
perfect | genuerim | genuerīs | genuerit | genuerīmus | genuerītis | genuerint | |
pluperfect | genuissem | genuissēs | genuisset | genuissēmus | genuissētis | genuissent | |
passive | present | gignar | gignāris, gignāre | gignātur | gignāmur | gignāminī | gignantur |
imperfect | gignerer | gignerēris, gignerēre | gignerētur | gignerēmur | gignerēminī | gignerentur | |
perfect | genitus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | genitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | gigne | — | — | gignite | — |
future | — | gignitō | gignitō | — | gignitōte | gignuntō | |
passive | present | — | gignere | — | — | gigniminī | — |
future | — | gignitor | gignitor | — | — | gignuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | gignere | genuisse | genitūrum esse | gignī | genitum esse | genitum īrī | |
participles | gignēns | — | genitūrus | — | genitus | gignendus, gignundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
gignendī | gignendō | gignendum | gignendō | genitum | genitū |
Derived terms
- genitus
- genetīvus
Related terms
- genus
- gēns
- gnātus, nātus
Descendants
- Old French: genuir, genoïr (from perfectum form genui)
- French: congénuir (outdated), engénoïr (outdated)
References
- “gigno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gigno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gigno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit
- the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae e terra gignuntur
- the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit