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单词 ajar
释义

ajar

See also: Ajar

English

WOTD – 9 December 2015

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /əˈd͡ʒɑː/
  • (US) IPA(key): /əˈd͡ʒɑɹ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English ajar, on char (“on [the] turn”), from on (“on”) + char (“turn, occasion”), from Old English ċierr, cyrr (“turn”), from ċierran (“to turn, convert”), equivalent to a- +‎ char. Akin to Scots char, chare (“to turn, cause to turn”), Dutch akerre, kier (“ajar”), German kehren (“to turn”). See char.

Alternative forms

  • achar (Scotland)

Adverb

ajar (not comparable)

  1. Slightly turned or opened.
    The door was standing ajar.
Translations

Adjective

ajar (comparative more ajar, superlative most ajar)

  1. Slightly turned or opened.
    The door is ajar.
Translations
slightly turned or opened

Verb

ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)

  1. (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To turn or open slightly; to become ajar or to cause to become ajar; to be or to hang ajar.
    • 1970, John H. Evans, Mercer County law journal, Volume 10,
      A plainclothes detective knocked on a slightly ajarred door.
    • 1977, Bill Reed, Dogod:
      Yes, and the door also lops off stairs leading to a landing on whose landing is another door on whose hinges much of this story ajars, if it hasn't jarred too much already.
    • 2007, Loki, Shard of the Ancient:
      Just as the gates fully ajarred themselves, the Lamborghini soared through them, and out into the freedom of the poorly defined road.

Etymology 2

a- (“in, at”) +‎ jar (“discord, disagreement”)

Adverb

ajar (not comparable)

  1. (archaic) Out of harmony.
  2. Being at variance or in contradiction to something.
    • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.14:
      There is a sort of unexpressed concern, / A kind of shock that sets one's heart ajar […] .
Translations

Verb

ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)

  1. (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To show variance or contradiction with something; to be or cause to be askew.
    • 1907, The English Illustrated Magazine, Volume 36,
      It clean deafened the two of us, and set all the crockery ware ajarring ; and when the neighbours heard it they came running into the street to see who was getting hurt.
Translations

Anagrams

  • raja

Ambonese Malay

Verb

ajar

  1. to learn

Iban

Etymology

From Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /a.d͡ʒar/
  • Rhymes: -jar
  • Hyphenation: a‧jar

Noun

ajar

  1. lesson
  2. advice

Verb

ajar

  1. to teach

Derived terms

  • diajar
  • dipelajarka
  • ngajar
  • pemelajar
  • pengajar

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay ajar, from Classical Malay اجر‎ (ajar), from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). Doublet of acara, acarya, and hajar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /a.d͡ʒar/

Verb

ajar (base-imperative ajar, active mengajar, passive diajar)

  1. to teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of ajar (meng-, ber-, intransitive, irregular)
Rootajar
ActiveInvoluntaryPassiveImperativeJussive
Activebelajar, mengajarterajardiajarajarajarlah
Locativemengajariterajaridiajariajariajarilah
Causative / Applicative1mengajarkanterajarkandiajarkanajarkanajarkanlah
Causative
Locativemempelajariterpelajaridipelajaripelajaripelajarilah
Causative / Applicative1mempelajarkanterpelajarkandipelajarkanpelajarkanpelajarkan
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Notes:
This verb has irregular forms when affixed to ber- and per- which resulted on initial -l- on belajar and pelajar (also an noun), otherwise conjugated regularly like intransitive meng- verbs. Some forms of the locative does not exist.
Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • belajar (“to learn, to study”)
  • pelajaran (“lesson”)
  • pelajar (“student, pupil”)
  • pengajar (“teacher”)
  • pembelajaran (“learning process”)

Further reading

  • “ajar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).

Verb

ajar (Jawi spelling اجر‎)

  1. to teach

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • pengajar (“teacher”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
  • pengajaran (“lesson, moral of story”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
  • ajaran (“teachings”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
  • ajar-ajar (“ascetics”) [reduplication] (redup)
  • pelajar (“student”) [causative passive] (peR-)
  • pelajaran (“subject, education”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
  • ajarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
  • ajari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
  • mengajar (“to teach”) [agent focus] (meN-)
  • diajar (“being taught (intr.)”) [patient focus] (di-)
  • diajarkan (“being taught (tr.)”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • terajar (“taught (accidentally)”) [agentless action] (teR-)
  • belajar (“to learn”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Further reading

  • “ajar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aˈxaɾ/ [aˈxaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: a‧jar

Etymology 1

From older ahajar, from Old Spanish haja, probably from Vulgar Latin *fallia (“defect”), from Latin fallĕre.

Alternative forms

  • ahajar (obsolete)

Verb

ajar (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite ajé, past participle ajado)

  1. (transitive or reflexive) to fade, wither
    Synonym: marchitar
    El sol ajó las flores.
    The sun withered the flowers.
    Se te olvidó regar esta planta, así que se ajó.
    You forgot to water this plant, so it withered.
  2. (transitive or reflexive) to wear out
    Synonyms: desgastar, deteriorar
    El sol y la humedad suelen ajar las alfombras.
    The sun and humidity generally wear rugs out.
  3. (transitive or reflexive) to wrinkle
    Synonym: arrugar
    No es bueno guardar los pantalones así, o los vas a ajar.
    It's not good to put away your pants this way, or you're going to wrinkle them.
    Ve a planchar esta camisa, que se te ajó después de que la guardaste doblada.
    Go iron this shirt, as it got wrinkled after you put it away folded.
  4. (transitive) to humiliate someone
    Synonym: humillar
Conjugation
    Conjugation of ajar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitiveajar
gerundajando
past participlemasculinefeminine
singularajadoajada
pluralajadosajadas
singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
indicativeyotú
vos		él/ella/ello
usted		nosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ellos/ellas
ustedes
presentajoajastú
ajásvos		ajaajamosajáisajan
imperfectajabaajabasajabaajábamosajabaisajaban
preteriteajéajasteajóajamosajasteisajaron
futureajaréajarásajaráajaremosajaréisajarán
conditionalajaríaajaríasajaríaajaríamosajaríaisajarían
subjunctiveyotú
vos		él/ella/ello
usted		nosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ellos/ellas
ustedes
presentajeajestú
ajésvos2		ajeajemosajéisajen
imperfect
(ra)		ajaraajarasajaraajáramosajaraisajaran
imperfect
(se)		ajaseajasesajaseajásemosajaseisajasen
future1ajareajaresajareajáremosajareisajaren
imperative—tú
vos		ustednosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ustedes
affirmativeajatú
ajávos		ajeajemosajadajen
negativeno ajesno ajeno ajemosno ajéisno ajen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ajar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
with infinitive ajar
dativeajarmeajarteajarle, ajarseajarnosajarosajarles, ajarse
accusativeajarmeajarteajarlo, ajarla, ajarseajarnosajarosajarlos, ajarlas, ajarse
with gerund ajando
dativeajándomeajándoteajándole, ajándoseajándonosajándoosajándoles, ajándose
accusativeajándomeajándoteajándolo, ajándola, ajándoseajándonosajándoosajándolos, ajándolas, ajándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative aja
dativeájameájateájaleájanosnot usedájales
accusativeájameájateájalo, ájalaájanosnot usedájalos, ájalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ajá
dativeajameajateajaleajanosnot usedajales
accusativeajameajateajalo, ajalaajanosnot usedajalos, ajalas
with formal second-person singular imperative aje
dativeájemenot usedájele, ájeseájenosnot usedájeles
accusativeájemenot usedájelo, ájela, ájeseájenosnot usedájelos, ájelas
with first-person plural imperative ajemos
dativenot usedajémosteajémosleajémonosajémoosajémosles
accusativenot usedajémosteajémoslo, ajémoslaajémonosajémoosajémoslos, ajémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative ajad
dativeajadmenot usedajadleajadnosajaosajadles
accusativeajadmenot usedajadlo, ajadlaajadnosajaosajadlos, ajadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ajen
dativeájenmenot usedájenleájennosnot usedájenles, ájense
accusativeájenmenot usedájenlo, ájenlaájennosnot usedájenlos, ájenlas, ájense

Etymology 2

From ajo +‎ -ar.

Noun

ajar m (plural ajares)

  1. garlic field, garlic patch

Further reading

  • “ajar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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