ajak
See also: Ajak
English
Alternative forms
- ajag, adjag
Etymology
ajak
From Indonesian ajak, from Malay ajak.
Noun
ajak (plural ajaks)
- (Indonesia) The dhole (Cuon alpinus).
- 1991, Bill Dalton, Indonesia Handbook, p. 374:
- Indonesia where the ajak, the handsome, rufous, bushy-tailed wild dog (a subspecies of the Indian dhole) still thrives.
- 2015, Labodalih Sembiring, translating Eka Kurniawan, Man Tiger, Verso 2015, p. 7:
- They didn't want the hogs to die, because they would later throw them into battle with the ajaks, in a public spectacle at the end of the hunting season.
- 1991, Bill Dalton, Indonesia Handbook, p. 374:
Greenlandic
Noun
ajak (plural ajaat)
- Alternative form of aja
Declension
Declension of ajak
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| absolutive | ajak | ajaat |
| ergative | ajaap | ajaat |
| allative | ajammut | ajannut |
| ablative | ajammit | ajannit |
| prosecutive | ajakkut | ajannit |
| locative | ajammi | ajanni |
| instrumental | ajammik | ajannik |
| equative | ajattut | ajattut |
References
- ajak in Katersat
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- ajk (archaic, literary)
Etymology
From the obsolete aj (“valley; opening”) + -k (“diminutive suffix”), from Proto-Uralic *aŋe (“opening, incision, deepening”).[1][2][3]Alternatively, possible cognate of Yakut айах (ayax, “mouth”).[4]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɒjɒk]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ajak
- Rhymes: -ɒk
Noun
ajak (plural ajkak)
- (anatomy) lip (either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth)
- 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása, canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:
- Hol vagyon, aki merész ajakát hadi dalnak eresztvén, / A riadó vak mélységet fölverje szavával, […]
- Where is the one who, with lips all bold, could thunder a war-song / rousing the gloom of the deep and unsighty abysses, […]
- Hol vagyon, aki merész ajakát hadi dalnak eresztvén, / A riadó vak mélységet fölverje szavával, […]
- 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása, canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:
- (anatomy) labium (one of the two pairs of folds of skin either side of the vulva)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ajak | ajkak |
| accusative | ajkat | ajkakat |
| dative | ajaknak | ajkaknak |
| instrumental | ajakkal | ajkakkal |
| causal-final | ajakért | ajkakért |
| translative | ajakká | ajkakká |
| terminative | ajakig | ajkakig |
| essive-formal | ajakként | ajkakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | ajakban | ajkakban |
| superessive | ajkon | ajkakon |
| adessive | ajaknál | ajkaknál |
| illative | ajakba | ajkakba |
| sublative | ajakra | ajkakra |
| allative | ajakhoz | ajkakhoz |
| elative | ajakból | ajkakból |
| delative | ajakról | ajkakról |
| ablative | ajaktól | ajkaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | ajaké | ajkaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | ajakéi | ajkakéi |
| Possessive forms of ajak | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ajkam | ajkaim |
| 2nd person sing. | ajkad | ajkaid |
| 3rd person sing. | ajka | ajkai |
| 1st person plural | ajkunk | ajkaink |
| 2nd person plural | ajkatok | ajkaitok |
| 3rd person plural | ajkuk | ajkaik |
Derived terms
- ajakos
- ajkú
(Compound words):
- ajakbalzsam
- ajakír
- ajakrúzs
References
- Entry #17 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
- ajak in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
- ajak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Martti Räsänen (1969) Versuch Eines Etymologischen Wörterbuch der Türksprachen, page 11
Further reading
- ajak in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ajak in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈad͡ʒak̚]
- Hyphenation: ajak
Etymology 1
From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak), from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.
Verb
ajak (base-imperative ajak, active mengajak, passive diajak)
- to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)
Noun
ajak (first-person possessive ajakku, second-person possessive ajakmu, third-person possessive ajaknya)
- (colloquial) alternative form of ajakan (“invitation”).
Conjugation
| Conjugation of ajak (meng-, intransitive) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root | ajak | ||||
| Active | Involuntary | Passive | Imperative | Jussive | |
| Active | mengajak | terajak | diajak | ajak | ajaklah |
| Locative | mengajaki | terajaki | diajaki | ajaki | ajakilah |
| Causative / Applicative1 | mengajakkan | terajakkan | diajakkan | ajakkan | ajakkanlah |
| Causative | |||||
| Active | memperajak | terperajak | diperajak | perajak | perajaklah |
| Locative | memperajaki | terperajaki | diperajaki | perajaki | perajakilah |
| Causative / Applicative1 | memperajakkan | terperajakkan | diperajakkan | perajakkan | perajakkanlah |
| 1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. | |||||
Etymology 2
ajak
From Malay ajak, from Classical Malay اجق (ajak).
Noun
ajak (first-person possessive ajakku, second-person possessive ajakmu, third-person possessive ajaknya)
- dhole (Cuon alpinus)
Derived terms
- anjing ajak
Descendants
- → English: ajak
Etymology 3
From Minangkabau [Term?].
Adjective
ajak
- (dialect) similar
- Synonyms: serupa, seperti
Derived terms
- mengajakkan
Etymology 4
From Banjarese [Term?].
Adjective
ajak
- (dialect) defeated
- Synonym: kalah
Further reading
- “ajak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Kott
Etymology
From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaj(a)k (˜x-,-g).
Noun
ajak
- thunder
Malay
Alternative forms
- اجق
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ad͡ʒaʔ/
- Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ, -d͡ʒaʔ, -aʔ
Noun
ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak, informal 1st possessive ajakku, 2nd possessive ajakmu, 3rd possessive ajaknya)
- invitation
- the dhole
Verb
ajak (Jawi spelling اجق)
- to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)
Sundanese
Romanization
ajak
- Romanization of ᮃᮏᮊ᮪