gemma
See also: Gemma
English
Gemmae on a leaf tip of Syntrichia papillosa
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.
Noun
gemma (plural gemmae)
- (biology) An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud.
- Synonym: (archaic) gemmule
- 1969, Rudolf Mathias Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian, Volume 1, Columbia University Press, page 527,
- I know of no other genera with such intramarginal formation of true gemmae.
- 1990, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, page 2,
- Gemmae are frequently longer than wide or of irregular shape.
- According to Degenkolbe, gemmae-bearing leaves are always different in form from normal leaves.
- 2005, R. N. Chopra, Biology of Bryophytes, page 32,
- In Marchantia polymorpha, high temperature promotes germination of gemmae (Dacknowski, 1907), and heat absorbed by the gemmae accelerates their germination (Fitting, 1942).
Derived terms
- gemmal
- gemmoid
Translations
asexual reproductive structure
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Anagrams
- Megam
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin gemma.
Noun
gemma f (plural gemmes)
- gem, jewel
Further reading
- “gemma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Interlingua
Noun
gemma (plural gemmas)
- gem
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma/
- Rhymes: -ɛmma
- Hyphenation: gèm‧ma
Etymology 1
From Latin gemma.
Noun
gemma f (plural gemme)
- (botany) bud
- gem, jewel
- (figurative) gem (precious or highly valued thing or person)
Related terms
- gemmare
- ingemmare
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
gemma
- inflection of gemmare:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Further reading
- gemma in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams
- gamme
Latin
Etymology
Unknown. Possibilities include:
- Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;[1][2]
- From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap;
- From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;
- A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡem.ma/, [ˈɡɛmːä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒem.ma/, [ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]
Noun
gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension
- A bud or eye of a plant.
- A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone.
- A thing made of precious stones.
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | gemma | gemmae |
| Genitive | gemmae | gemmārum |
| Dative | gemmae | gemmīs |
| Accusative | gemmam | gemmās |
| Ablative | gemmā | gemmīs |
| Vocative | gemma | gemmae |
Derived terms
- gemmārius
- gemmātus
- gemmeus
- gemmifer
- gemmō
- gemmula
Descendants
- Asturian: xema, ema
- Catalan: gemma
- English: gem
- French: gemme
- Galician: xema
- Italian: gemma
- Portuguese: gema
- Romanian: gemă
- Russian: гемма (gemma)
- Spanish: yema, gema
- → Asturian: yema
- → Cebuano: yema
- → Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “gemma”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257: “PIE *ǵeb-m-”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zębnǫti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543
Further reading
- “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gemma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- gemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
- the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
- “gemma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “gemma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin