geler
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eːlər
Adjective
geler
- Comparative form of geel
Anagrams
- leger, regel
French
Etymology
From Old French geler, from Latin gelāre, present active infinitive of gelō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒə.le/
- Homophones: gelai, gelé, gelée, gelées, gelés, gelez
audio (file)
Verb
geler
- (transitive, intransitive) to freeze
- (impersonal, weather) to be very cold
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il gèle rather than *il gele. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of geler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | geler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gelant /ʒə.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gelé /ʒə.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gèle /ʒɛl/ | gèles /ʒɛl/ | gèle /ʒɛl/ | gelons /ʒə.lɔ̃/ | gelez /ʒə.le/ | gèlent /ʒɛl/ |
| imperfect | gelais /ʒə.lɛ/ | gelais /ʒə.lɛ/ | gelait /ʒə.lɛ/ | gelions /ʒə.ljɔ̃/ | geliez /ʒə.lje/ | gelaient /ʒə.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gelai /ʒə.le/ | gelas /ʒə.la/ | gela /ʒə.la/ | gelâmes /ʒə.lam/ | gelâtes /ʒə.lat/ | gelèrent /ʒə.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | gèlerai /ʒɛl.ʁe/ | gèleras /ʒɛl.ʁa/ | gèlera /ʒɛl.ʁa/ | gèlerons /ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | gèlerez /ʒɛl.ʁe/ | gèleront /ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gèlerais /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | gèlerais /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | gèlerait /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | gèlerions /ʒɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʒe.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ | gèleriez /ʒɛ.lə.ʁje/ or /ʒe.lə.ʁje/ | gèleraient /ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | gèle /ʒɛl/ | gèles /ʒɛl/ | gèle /ʒɛl/ | gelions /ʒə.ljɔ̃/ | geliez /ʒə.lje/ | gèlent /ʒɛl/ |
| imperfect2 | gelasse /ʒə.las/ | gelasses /ʒə.las/ | gelât /ʒə.la/ | gelassions /ʒə.la.sjɔ̃/ | gelassiez /ʒə.la.sje/ | gelassent /ʒə.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gèle /ʒɛl/ | — | gelons /ʒə.lɔ̃/ | gelez /ʒə.le/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- geler à pierre fendre
- dégeler
Related terms
- congeler
- gel
- gelée
- gelif
- gelure
- regeler
Descendants
- → German: gelieren
Further reading
- “geler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- grêle, grêlé, léger, règle, réglé
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adjective
geler
- comparative degree of gel
- inflection of gel:
- strong/mixed nominative masculine singular
- strong genitive/dative feminine singular
- strong genitive plural
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡe.ler/, [ˈɡɛɫ̪ɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒe.ler/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːler]
Verb
geler
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of gelō
Old French
Etymology
From Latin gelāre, present active infinitive of gelō.
Verb
geler
- (transitive, intransitive) to freeze
- (intransitive or reflexive) to be very cold
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-iels, *-ielt are modified to ieus, ieut. This verb has a stressed present stem giel distinct from the unstressed stem gel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of geler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | geler | avoir gelé | |||||
| gerund | en gelant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | gelant | ||||||
| past participle | gelé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | giel | gieles | giele | gelons | gelez | gielent |
| imperfect | geloie, geleie, geloe, geleve | geloies, geleies, geloes, geleves | geloit, geleit, gelot, geleve | geliiens, geliens | geliiez, geliez | geloient, geleient, geloent, gelevent | |
| preterite | gelai | gelas | gela | gelames | gelastes | gelerent | |
| future | gelerai | geleras | gelera | gelerons | geleroiz, gelereiz, gelerez | geleront | |
| conditional | geleroie, gelereie | geleroies, gelereies | geleroit, gelereit | geleriiens, geleriens | geleriiez, geleriez | geleroient, gelereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | giel | gieus | gieut | gelons | gelez | gielent |
| imperfect | gelasse | gelasses | gelast | gelissons, gelissiens | gelissoiz, gelissez, gelissiez | gelassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | giele | — | gelons | gelez | — | ||
Derived terms
- gelee
Descendants
- French: geler
- Norman: g'ler, g'laïr
- Walloon: djaler