gel
English
Etymology 1
Coined by Thomas Graham in the mid 19th century as a clipping of gelatin, from French gélatine, from Italian gelatina, diminutive form of gelata (“iced”), from Latin gelata, past participle of gelo (“to freeze”), from gelu (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”)
Pronunciation
- enPR: jĕl, IPA(key): /d͡ʒɛl/, [d͡ʒɛɫ]
- Rhymes: -ɛl
- Homophones: jel, jell
Audio (US) (file)
Noun
gel (countable and uncountable, plural gels)
- A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal.
- 2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 200:
- Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.
-
- Any gel intended for a particular cosmetic use, such as for styling the hair.
Derived terms
- aerogel
- energy gel
- gel bracelet
- gel electrophoresis
- gel pen
- hair gel
- hand gel
- hydrogel
- light gel
- pepper gel
- shaving gel
- shower gel
- silica gel
- thermal gel
- tightening gel
- xerogel
Translations
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See also
For more information on classification of colloids, see Wikipedia article on colloids
Verb
gel (third-person singular simple present gels, present participle gelling, simple past and past participle gelled)
- (transitive) To apply (cosmetic) gel to (the hair, etc).
- 2017 June 3, Daniel Taylor, “Real Madrid win Champions League as Cristiano Ronaldo double defeats Juv”, in The Guardian (London):
- It ended, as it so often does, with that familiar smile. Cristiano Ronaldo – gelled hair, dazzling teeth, magic in his boots – will never forget the night he scored the 600th goal of an almost implausible career.
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- (intransitive) To become a gel.
- (intransitive) To develop a rapport.
- He was a nice guy, and I got on OK with his friends, but the two of us never really gelled.
- (intransitive, figurative) To come together to form something; to cohere.
- We put our ideas together and they eventually gelled into a saleable product.
Translations
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See also
- aerosol
- colloid
- emulsion
- foam
- sol
Etymology 2
Imitative of upper-class British pronunciation of girl.
Pronunciation
- enPR: gĕl, IPA(key): /ɡɛl/
Audio (UK) (file)
Noun
gel (plural gels)
- (Britain, slang) A girl.
- 1955, C. S. Lewis, The Magician's Nephew
- "Now pray don't be troublesome, my dear gel," said Uncle Andrew.
- 1955, C. S. Lewis, The Magician's Nephew
Anagrams
- ELG, ElG, leg, leg.
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Catalan gel, from Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈʒɛl/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛl/
Audio (file)
Noun
gel m (plural gels)
- ice
- Synonym: glaç
- gel
Related terms
- gelar
Further reading
- “gel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “gel”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “gel” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “gel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
- ghéel (Sette Comuni)
Etymology
From Middle High German gël, from Old High German gelo, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz (“yellow”). Cognate with German gelb, English yellow.
Adjective
gel
- (Luserna) yellow
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dutch
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒɛl/, /dʒɛl/
Audio (file)
Noun
gel m or n (plural gels)
- gel (suspension of solid in liquid)
- gel (cosmetic preparation)
Anagrams
- leg
Dutch Low Saxon
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡeːl/
Adjective
gel
- yellow
French
Etymology
From Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). For the sense of "gel", cf. English gel; compare gélatine.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒɛl/
audio (file)
Noun
gel m (plural gels)
- frost
- Synonym: givre
- gel (suspension of solid in liquid)
- gel (cosmetic preparation)
- (colloquialism, Canada) fall freeze
- (seasons, time) freeze-up, one of the 6 seasons of high latitudes; the freeze.
Antonyms
- dégel
Derived terms
- gel hydroalcoolique
- gélifier
- gelivure
Related terms
- dégel
- gélatine
- gelée
- geler
See also
- glace
Further reading
- “gel”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adjective
gel (strong nominative masculine singular geler, comparative geler, superlative am gelsten)
- (obsolete) Alternative spelling of gehl, alternative form of gelb (“yellow”)
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist gel | sie ist gel | es ist gel | sie sind gel | |
strong declension (without article) | nominative | geler | gele | geles | gele |
genitive | gelen | geler | gelen | geler | |
dative | gelem | geler | gelem | gelen | |
accusative | gelen | gele | geles | gele | |
weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der gele | die gele | das gele | die gelen |
genitive | des gelen | der gelen | des gelen | der gelen | |
dative | dem gelen | der gelen | dem gelen | den gelen | |
accusative | den gelen | die gele | das gele | die gelen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein geler | eine gele | ein geles | (keine) gelen |
genitive | eines gelen | einer gelen | eines gelen | (keiner) gelen | |
dative | einem gelen | einer gelen | einem gelen | (keinen) gelen | |
accusative | einen gelen | eine gele | ein geles | (keine) gelen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist geler | sie ist geler | es ist geler | sie sind geler | |
strong declension (without article) | nominative | gelerer | gelere | geleres | gelere |
genitive | geleren | gelerer | geleren | gelerer | |
dative | gelerem | gelerer | gelerem | geleren | |
accusative | geleren | gelere | geleres | gelere | |
weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der gelere | die gelere | das gelere | die geleren |
genitive | des geleren | der geleren | des geleren | der geleren | |
dative | dem geleren | der geleren | dem geleren | den geleren | |
accusative | den geleren | die gelere | das gelere | die geleren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein gelerer | eine gelere | ein geleres | (keine) geleren |
genitive | eines geleren | einer geleren | eines geleren | (keiner) geleren | |
dative | einem geleren | einer geleren | einem geleren | (keinen) geleren | |
accusative | einen geleren | eine gelere | ein geleres | (keine) geleren |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | er ist am gelsten | sie ist am gelsten | es ist am gelsten | sie sind am gelsten | |
strong declension (without article) | nominative | gelster | gelste | gelstes | gelste |
genitive | gelsten | gelster | gelsten | gelster | |
dative | gelstem | gelster | gelstem | gelsten | |
accusative | gelsten | gelste | gelstes | gelste | |
weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der gelste | die gelste | das gelste | die gelsten |
genitive | des gelsten | der gelsten | des gelsten | der gelsten | |
dative | dem gelsten | der gelsten | dem gelsten | den gelsten | |
accusative | den gelsten | die gelste | das gelste | die gelsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein gelster | eine gelste | ein gelstes | (keine) gelsten |
genitive | eines gelsten | einer gelsten | eines gelsten | (keiner) gelsten | |
dative | einem gelsten | einer gelsten | einem gelsten | (keinen) gelsten | |
accusative | einen gelsten | eine gelste | ein gelstes | (keine) gelsten |
German Low German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡeːl/
Adjective
gel
- Alternative spelling of geel
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /cɛːl/
- Rhymes: -ɛːl
Noun
gel n (genitive singular gels, no plural)
- gel
Declension
n-s | singular | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | gel | gelið |
accusative | gel | gelið |
dative | geli | gelinu |
genitive | gels | gelsins |
Nalca
Noun
gel
- woman
- wife
Old French
Alternative forms
- jel
Contraction
gel
- Contraction of ge + le (I […] it)
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *gelos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʲel/
Adjective
gel
- bright
- clear
- white
Declension
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | gel | gel | gel |
Vocative | gil* gel** | ||
Accusative | gel | gil | |
Genitive | gil | gile | gil |
Dative | giul | gil | giul |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | gil | gela | |
Vocative | gilu gela† | ||
Accusative | gilu gela† | ||
Genitive | gel | ||
Dative | gelaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Derived terms
- aingel
Descendants
- Irish: geal
- Manx: gial
- Scottish Gaelic: geal
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
gel | gel pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ | ngel |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 gel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse
Verb
gel
- first-person singular present active indicative of gala
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *gailaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos (“frothing, tempestuous, wanton”). Cognate with Old English gāl, Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”), Old High German geil (German geil (“lustful”)), Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”).
Adjective
gēl (comparative gēloro, superlative gēlost)
- wanton, lustful; wicked
Declension
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | gēl | gēle, gēla | gēl | gēla | gēl | gēl, gēla |
accusative | gēlan, gēlen | gēla, gēle | gēla | gēla | gēl | gēl, gēla |
genitive | gēles, gēlas | gēlaro, gēloro, gēlero | gēlara, gēlaro | gēlaro, gēloro, gēlero | gēles, gēlas | gēlaro, gēloro, gēlero |
dative | gēlumu, gēlum, gēlun, gēlun, gēlon, gēlen, gēlan | gēlun, gēlon, gēlum | gēlaro, gēlaru, gēlara | gēlun, gēlon | gēlumu, gēlum, gēlun, gēlun, gēlon, gēlen, gēlan | gēlun, gēlon, gēlum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | gēlo, gēla | gēlon, gēlun | gēla, gēle | gēlon, gēlun, gēlan | gēla, gēle | gēlon, gēlun |
accusative | gēlon, gēlan | gēlon, gēlun | gēlun, gēlon, gēlan | gēlon, gēlun, gēlan | gēla, gēle | gēlon, gēlun |
genitive | gēlen, gēlan | gēlono, gēleno | gēlun, gēlan, gēlen | gēlono | gēlen, gēlan | gēlono, gēleno |
dative | gēlon, gēlen, gēlan | gēlon, gēlun | gēlun, gēlan | gēlon, gēlun | gēlon, gēlen, gēlan | gēlon, gēlun |
Weak declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | gēloro, gēlora | gēloron, gēlorun | gēlora, gēlore | gēloron, gēlorun, gēloran | gēlora, gēlore | gēloron, gēlorun |
accusative | gēloron, gēloran | gēloron, gēlorun | gēlorun, gēloron, gēloran | gēloron, gēlorun, gēloran | gēlora, gēlore | gēloron, gēlorun |
genitive | gēloren, gēloran | gēlorono, gēloreno | gēlorun, gēloran, gēloren | gēlorono | gēloren, gēloran | gēlorono, gēloreno |
dative | gēloron, gēloren, gēloran | gēloron, gēlorun | gēlorun, gēloran | gēloron, gēlorun | gēloron, gēloren, gēloran | gēloron, gēlorun |
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | gēlost | gēloste, gēlosta | gēlost | gēlosta | gēlost | gēlost, gēlosta |
accusative | gēlostan, gēlosten | gēlosta, gēloste | gēlosta | gēlosta | gēlost | gēlost, gēlosta |
genitive | gēlostes, gēlostas | gēlostaro, gēlostoro, gēlostero | gēlostara, gēlostaro | gēlostaro, gēlostoro, gēlostero | gēlostes, gēlostas | gēlostaro, gēlostoro, gēlostero |
dative | gēlostumu, gēlostum, gēlostun, gēlostun, gēloston, gēlosten, gēlostan | gēlostun, gēloston, gēlostum | gēlostaro, gēlostaru, gēlostara | gēlostun, gēloston | gēlostumu, gēlostum, gēlostun, gēlostun, gēloston, gēlosten, gēlostan | gēlostun, gēloston, gēlostum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | gēlosto, gēlosta | gēloston, gēlostun | gēlosta, gēloste | gēloston, gēlostun, gēlostan | gēlosta, gēloste | gēloston, gēlostun |
accusative | gēloston, gēlostan | gēloston, gēlostun | gēlostun, gēloston, gēlostan | gēloston, gēlostun, gēlostan | gēlosta, gēloste | gēloston, gēlostun |
genitive | gēlosten, gēlostan | gēlostono, gēlosteno | gēlostun, gēlostan, gēlosten | gēlostono | gēlosten, gēlostan | gēlostono, gēlosteno |
dative | gēloston, gēlosten, gēlostan | gēloston, gēlostun | gēlostun, gēlostan | gēloston, gēlostun | gēloston, gēlosten, gēlostan | gēloston, gēlostun |
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from French gel, cf. English gel, gelatine.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʒɛw/ [ˈʒɛʊ̯]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈʒɛl/ [ˈʒɛɫ]
- Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw
- Hyphenation: gel
Noun
gel m (plural géis or (rare) geles)
- gel (suspension of solid in liquid)
Romanian
Etymology
From French gel.
Noun
gel n (plural geluri)
- gel
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) gel | gelul | (niște) geluri | gelurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) gel | gelului | (unor) geluri | gelurilor |
vocative | gelule | gelurilor |
Salar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kẹl-.
Verb
gel
- to come
References
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “gel”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 114
Spanish
Etymology
From gelatina or borrowed from French gel, cf. English gel, gelatine.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxel/ [ˈxel]
- Rhymes: -el
- Syllabification: gel
Noun
gel m (plural geles)
- gel (semi-solid colloid of a solid and a liquid)
- gel (cosmetic gel, especially body wash)
Derived terms
- aerogel
- bolígrafo de gel
- pluma de gel
Further reading
- “gel”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tok Pisin
Etymology
From English girl.
Noun
gel
- girl
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɟɛl/, [ɟæl]
Verb
gel
- second-person singular imperative of gelmek