geir
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“pointed stick, spear”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /keiːr/
- Rhymes: -eiːr
- Homophones: Geir
Noun
geir m (genitive singular geirs, nominative plural geirar)
- spear
Declension
| m-s1 | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | geir | geirinn | geirar | geirarnir |
| accusative | geir | geirinn | geira | geirana |
| dative | geiri / geir | geirnum | geirum | geirunum |
| genitive | geirs | geirsins | geira | geiranna |
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish geir, from Proto-Celtic *gʷeress (whence Welsh gwêr), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“heat”) or *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɟɛɾʲ/
Noun
geir f (genitive singular geire or gearach or geireadh, nominative plural geireacha)
- tallow, suet
Declension
As second-declension noun:
Second declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
As fifth-declension velar stem:
Fifth declension
Bare forms (no plural for this noun):
| Forms with the definite article:
|
As fifth-declension dental stem (the oldest form):
Fifth declension
Bare forms (no plural for this noun):
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| geir | gheir | ngeir |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gʷered-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
Further reading
- “geir”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 geir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “geir”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 359
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “geir”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognates include Irish ga.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɛɪːr/
Noun
geir m (definite singular geiren, indefinite plural geirar, definite plural geirane)
- (archaic or historical) a spear
- (fishing) a leister, a kind of fishing spear
- Synonym: lyster
- (zoology) a small mackerel
- Synonym: pir
Derived terms
- atgeir
- geirfalk
- geirfugl
- geirskaft
- geirsodd
- horngeir
References
- “geir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
- Geir, grei, regi
Old French
Alternative forms
- gehir, geihir
Etymology
Frankish *jehhjan, from Proto-Germanic *jehaną (“to say, to speak”)
Verb
geïr
- to admit (to concede to be true)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group or second-group verb (ending in -ir, without or with an -iss- infix). This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has a stressed present stem gei distinct from the unstressed stem ge. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | geir | aveir geï | |||||
| gerund | en geant, geïssant | Use the gerund of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | geant, geïssant | ||||||
| past participle | geï | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | gei, geïs | geis, geïs | geit, geïst | geons, geïssons | geïez, geïssez | geient, geïssent |
| imperfect | geeie, geïsseie | geeies, geïsseies | geeit, geïsseit | geïiens, geïens, geïssiiens, geïssiens | geïiez, geïez, geïssiiez, geïssiez | geeient, geïsseient | |
| preterite | geï | geïs | geï | geïmes | geïstes | geïrent | |
| future | geïrai | geïras | geïra | geïrons | geïreiz, geïrez | geïront | |
| conditional | geïreie | geïreies | geïreit | geïriiens, geïriens | geïriiez, geïriez | geïreient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | geie, geïsse | geies, geïsses | geie, geïsse | geïens, geons, geïssons | geïez, geïssez | geient, geïssent |
| imperfect | geïsse | geïsses | geïst | geïssons, geïssiens | geïsseiz, geïssez, geïssiez | geïssent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of aveir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of aveir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | gei, geïs | — | geons, geïssons | geïez, geïssez | — | ||
Derived terms
- gehine, geïne
Descendants
- Middle French: gehir
References
- geir on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Old Norse
Noun
geir m
- accusative singular indefinite of geirr
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡei̯r/
Noun
geir
- Soft mutation of ceir.
Verb
geir
- Soft mutation of ceir.
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| ceir | geir | ngheir | cheir |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||