gcina
Phuthi
Verb
-gcina
- to keep
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Verb
-gcina
- to end
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Verb
-gcina
- to keep
- (transitive) to save
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-gcina
- (intransitive) to end, to terminate, to be completed
- to do finally, to do in the end
- (transitive) to keep, to preserve
- (transitive) to take care of
- (transitive) to observe (laws, rules)
- (transitive) to make stick firmly
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugcina | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugcina | ukungagcini | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gcina | -gcine | |||||||
Plural | gcinani | -gcineni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagcina, ngigcina | engigcinayo, engigcina | ngigcina | angigcini | engingagcini | ngingagcini | |||
2nd singular | uyagcina, ugcina | ogcinayo, ogcina | ugcina | awugcini | ongagcini | ungagcini | |||
1st plural | siyagcina, sigcina | esigcinayo, esigcina | sigcina | asigcini | esingagcini | singagcini | |||
2nd plural | niyagcina, nigcina | enigcinayo, enigcina | nigcina | anigcini | eningagcini | ningagcini | |||
Class 1 | uyagcina, ugcina | ogcinayo, ogcina | egcina | akagcini | ongagcini | engagcini | |||
Class 2 | bayagcina, bagcina | abagcinayo, abagcina | begcina | abagcini | abangagcini | bengagcini | |||
Class 3 | uyagcina, ugcina | ogcinayo, ogcina | ugcina | awugcini | ongagcini | ungagcini | |||
Class 4 | iyagcina, igcina | egcinayo, egcina | igcina | ayigcini | engagcini | ingagcini | |||
Class 5 | liyagcina, ligcina | eligcinayo, eligcina | ligcina | aligcini | elingagcini | lingagcini | |||
Class 6 | ayagcina, agcina | agcinayo, agcina | egcina | awagcini | angagcini | engagcini | |||
Class 7 | siyagcina, sigcina | esigcinayo, esigcina | sigcina | asigcini | esingagcini | singagcini | |||
Class 8 | ziyagcina, zigcina | ezigcinayo, ezigcina | zigcina | azigcini | ezingagcini | zingagcini | |||
Class 9 | iyagcina, igcina | egcinayo, egcina | igcina | ayigcini | engagcini | ingagcini | |||
Class 10 | ziyagcina, zigcina | ezigcinayo, ezigcina | zigcina | azigcini | ezingagcini | zingagcini | |||
Class 11 | luyagcina, lugcina | olugcinayo, olugcina | lugcina | alugcini | olungagcini | lungagcini | |||
Class 14 | buyagcina, bugcina | obugcinayo, obugcina | bugcina | abugcini | obungagcini | bungagcini | |||
Class 15 | kuyagcina, kugcina | okugcinayo, okugcina | kugcina | akugcini | okungagcini | kungagcini | |||
Class 17 | kuyagcina, kugcina | okugcinayo, okugcina | kugcina | akugcini | okungagcini | kungagcini | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigcinile, ngigcinē | engigcinile, engigcinē | ngigcinile, ngigcinē | angigcinanga | engingagcinanga | ngingagcinanga | |||
2nd singular | ugcinile, ugcinē | ogcinile, ogcinē | ugcinile, ugcinē | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga | |||
1st plural | sigcinile, sigcinē | esigcinile, esigcinē | sigcinile, sigcinē | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga | |||
2nd plural | nigcinile, nigcinē | enigcinile, enigcinē | nigcinile, nigcinē | anigcinanga | eningagcinanga | ningagcinanga | |||
Class 1 | ugcinile, ugcinē | ogcinile, ogcinē | egcinile, egcinē | akagcinanga | ongagcinanga | engagcinanga | |||
Class 2 | bagcinile, bagcinē | abagcinile, abagcinē | begcinile, begcinē | abagcinanga | abangagcinanga | bengagcinanga | |||
Class 3 | ugcinile, ugcinē | ogcinile, ogcinē | ugcinile, ugcinē | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga | |||
Class 4 | igcinile, igcinē | egcinile, egcinē | igcinile, igcinē | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga | |||
Class 5 | ligcinile, ligcinē | eligcinile, eligcinē | ligcinile, ligcinē | aligcinanga | elingagcinanga | lingagcinanga | |||
Class 6 | agcinile, agcinē | agcinile, agcinē | egcinile, egcinē | awagcinanga | angagcinanga | engagcinanga | |||
Class 7 | sigcinile, sigcinē | esigcinile, esigcinē | sigcinile, sigcinē | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga | |||
Class 8 | zigcinile, zigcinē | ezigcinile, ezigcinē | zigcinile, zigcinē | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga | |||
Class 9 | igcinile, igcinē | egcinile, egcinē | igcinile, igcinē | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga | |||
Class 10 | zigcinile, zigcinē | ezigcinile, ezigcinē | zigcinile, zigcinē | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga | |||
Class 11 | lugcinile, lugcinē | olugcinile, olugcinē | lugcinile, lugcinē | alugcinanga | olungagcinanga | lungagcinanga | |||
Class 14 | bugcinile, bugcinē | obugcinile, obugcinē | bugcinile, bugcinē | abugcinanga | obungagcinanga | bungagcinanga | |||
Class 15 | kugcinile, kugcinē | okugcinile, okugcinē | kugcinile, kugcinē | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga | |||
Class 17 | kugcinile, kugcinē | okugcinile, okugcinē | kugcinile, kugcinē | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgcina | engāgcina | ngāgcina | angigcinanga | engingagcinanga | ngingagcinanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgcina | owāgcina | wāgcina | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga | |||
1st plural | sāgcina | esāgcina | sāgcina | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgcina | enāgcina | nāgcina | anigcinanga | eningagcinanga | ningagcinanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgcina | owāgcina | āgcina | akagcinanga | ongagcinanga | engagcinanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgcina | abāgcina | bāgcina | abagcinanga | abangagcinanga | bengagcinanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgcina | owāgcina | wāgcina | awugcinanga | ongagcinanga | ungagcinanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgcina | eyāgcina | yāgcina | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgcina | elāgcina | lāgcina | aligcinanga | elingagcinanga | lingagcinanga | |||
Class 6 | āgcina | āgcina | āgcina | awagcinanga | angagcinanga | engagcinanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgcina | esāgcina | sāgcina | asigcinanga | esingagcinanga | singagcinanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgcina | ezāgcina | zāgcina | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgcina | eyāgcina | yāgcina | ayigcinanga | engagcinanga | ingagcinanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgcina | ezāgcina | zāgcina | azigcinanga | ezingagcinanga | zingagcinanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgcina | olwāgcina | lwāgcina | alugcinanga | olungagcinanga | lungagcinanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgcina | obāgcina | bāgcina | abugcinanga | obungagcinanga | bungagcinanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgcina | okwāgcina | kwāgcina | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgcina | okwāgcina | kwāgcina | akugcinanga | okungagcinanga | kungagcinanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagcina | — | ngingagcina | ngingegcine | — | ngingegcine | |||
2nd singular | ungagcina | — | ungagcina | ungegcine | — | ungegcine | |||
1st plural | singagcina | — | singagcina | singegcine | — | singegcine | |||
2nd plural | ningagcina | — | ningagcina | ningegcine | — | ningegcine | |||
Class 1 | angagcina | — | engagcina | angegcine | — | engegcine | |||
Class 2 | bangagcina | — | bengagcina | bangegcine | — | bengegcine | |||
Class 3 | ungagcina | — | ungagcina | ungegcine | — | ungegcine | |||
Class 4 | ingagcina | — | ingagcina | ingegcine | — | ingegcine | |||
Class 5 | lingagcina | — | lingagcina | lingegcine | — | lingegcine | |||
Class 6 | angagcina | — | engagcina | angegcine | — | engegcine | |||
Class 7 | singagcina | — | singagcina | singegcine | — | singegcine | |||
Class 8 | zingagcina | — | zingagcina | zingegcine | — | zingegcine | |||
Class 9 | ingagcina | — | ingagcina | ingegcine | — | ingegcine | |||
Class 10 | zingagcina | — | zingagcina | zingegcine | — | zingegcine | |||
Class 11 | lungagcina | — | lungagcina | lungegcine | — | lungegcine | |||
Class 14 | bungagcina | — | bungagcina | bungegcine | — | bungegcine | |||
Class 15 | kungagcina | — | kungagcina | kungegcine | — | kungegcine | |||
Class 17 | kungagcina | — | kungagcina | kungegcine | — | kungegcine | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogcina | engizogcina | ngizogcina | angizugcina | engingezugcina | ngingezugcina | |||
2nd singular | uzogcina | ozogcina | uzogcina | awuzugcina | ongezugcina | ungezugcina | |||
1st plural | sizogcina | esizogcina | sizogcina | asizugcina | esingezugcina | singezugcina | |||
2nd plural | nizogcina | enizogcina | nizogcina | anizugcina | eningezugcina | ningezugcina | |||
Class 1 | uzogcina | ozogcina | ezogcina | akazugcina | ongezugcina | engezugcina | |||
Class 2 | bazogcina | abazogcina | bezogcina | abazugcina | abangezugcina | bengezugcina | |||
Class 3 | uzogcina | ozogcina | uzogcina | awuzugcina | ongezugcina | ungezugcina | |||
Class 4 | izogcina | ezogcina | izogcina | ayizugcina | engezugcina | ingezugcina | |||
Class 5 | lizogcina | elizogcina | lizogcina | alizugcina | elingezugcina | lingezugcina | |||
Class 6 | azogcina | azogcina | ezogcina | awazugcina | angezugcina | engezugcina | |||
Class 7 | sizogcina | esizogcina | sizogcina | asizugcina | esingezugcina | singezugcina | |||
Class 8 | zizogcina | ezizogcina | zizogcina | azizugcina | ezingezugcina | zingezugcina | |||
Class 9 | izogcina | ezogcina | izogcina | ayizugcina | engezugcina | ingezugcina | |||
Class 10 | zizogcina | ezizogcina | zizogcina | azizugcina | ezingezugcina | zingezugcina | |||
Class 11 | luzogcina | oluzogcina | luzogcina | aluzugcina | olungezugcina | lungezugcina | |||
Class 14 | buzogcina | obuzogcina | buzogcina | abuzugcina | obungezugcina | bungezugcina | |||
Class 15 | kuzogcina | okuzogcina | kuzogcina | akuzugcina | okungezugcina | kungezugcina | |||
Class 17 | kuzogcina | okuzogcina | kuzogcina | akuzugcina | okungezugcina | kungezugcina | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogcina | engiyogcina | ngiyogcina | angiyugcina | engingeyugcina | ngingeyugcina | |||
2nd singular | uyogcina | oyogcina | uyogcina | awuyugcina | ongeyugcina | ungeyugcina | |||
1st plural | siyogcina | esiyogcina | siyogcina | asiyugcina | esingeyugcina | singeyugcina | |||
2nd plural | niyogcina | eniyogcina | niyogcina | aniyugcina | eningeyugcina | ningeyugcina | |||
Class 1 | uyogcina | oyogcina | eyogcina | akayugcina | ongeyugcina | engeyugcina | |||
Class 2 | bayogcina | abayogcina | beyogcina | abayugcina | abangeyugcina | bengeyugcina | |||
Class 3 | uyogcina | oyogcina | uyogcina | awuyugcina | ongeyugcina | ungeyugcina | |||
Class 4 | iyogcina | eyogcina | iyogcina | ayiyugcina | engeyugcina | ingeyugcina | |||
Class 5 | liyogcina | eliyogcina | liyogcina | aliyugcina | elingeyugcina | lingeyugcina | |||
Class 6 | ayogcina | ayogcina | eyogcina | awayugcina | angeyugcina | engeyugcina | |||
Class 7 | siyogcina | esiyogcina | siyogcina | asiyugcina | esingeyugcina | singeyugcina | |||
Class 8 | ziyogcina | eziyogcina | ziyogcina | aziyugcina | ezingeyugcina | zingeyugcina | |||
Class 9 | iyogcina | eyogcina | iyogcina | ayiyugcina | engeyugcina | ingeyugcina | |||
Class 10 | ziyogcina | eziyogcina | ziyogcina | aziyugcina | ezingeyugcina | zingeyugcina | |||
Class 11 | luyogcina | oluyogcina | luyogcina | aluyugcina | olungeyugcina | lungeyugcina | |||
Class 14 | buyogcina | obuyogcina | buyogcina | abuyugcina | obungeyugcina | bungeyugcina | |||
Class 15 | kuyogcina | okuyogcina | kuyogcina | akuyugcina | okungeyugcina | kungeyugcina | |||
Class 17 | kuyogcina | okuyogcina | kuyogcina | akuyugcina | okungeyugcina | kungeyugcina | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigcine | ngingagcini | |||||||
2nd singular | ugcine | ungagcini | |||||||
1st plural | sigcine | singagcini | |||||||
2nd plural | nigcine | ningagcini | |||||||
Class 1 | agcine | angagcini | |||||||
Class 2 | bagcine | bangagcini | |||||||
Class 3 | ugcine | ungagcini | |||||||
Class 4 | igcine | ingagcini | |||||||
Class 5 | ligcine | lingagcini | |||||||
Class 6 | agcine | angagcini | |||||||
Class 7 | sigcine | singagcini | |||||||
Class 8 | zigcine | zingagcini | |||||||
Class 9 | igcine | ingagcini | |||||||
Class 10 | zigcine | zingagcini | |||||||
Class 11 | lugcine | lungagcini | |||||||
Class 14 | bugcine | bungagcini | |||||||
Class 15 | kugcine | kungagcini | |||||||
Class 17 | kugcine | kungagcini | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagcina | ngangagcina, angagcina, angangagcina | |||||||
2nd singular | wagcina | wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina | |||||||
1st plural | sagcina | sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina | |||||||
2nd plural | nagcina | nangagcina, anagcina, anangagcina | |||||||
Class 1 | wagcina | wangagcina, akagcina, akangagcina | |||||||
Class 2 | bagcina | bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina | |||||||
Class 3 | wagcina | wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina | |||||||
Class 4 | yagcina | yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina | |||||||
Class 5 | lagcina | langagcina, alagcina, alangagcina | |||||||
Class 6 | agcina | angagcina, awagcina, awangagcina | |||||||
Class 7 | sagcina | sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina | |||||||
Class 8 | zagcina | zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina | |||||||
Class 9 | yagcina | yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina | |||||||
Class 10 | zagcina | zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagcina | lwangagcina, alwagcina, alwangagcina | |||||||
Class 14 | bagcina | bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagcina | kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagcina | kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gcina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gcina (6.3)”