garnir
French
Etymology
From Middle French garnir, from Old French guarnir (“to protect (oneself), armour up”), from Frankish *warnijan (“to ward, take care of something”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, be careful, take heed, refuse, withhold”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”). Compare Italian guarnire and Portuguese guarnir. Cognate with Middle Dutch waernen (“to provide, equip”), Middle Low German warnen, wernen (“to secure, arm”), Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent”), Old Norse varna (“to prevent, refuse, protect”). Related to English warn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡaʁ.niʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
garnir
- to furnish (a building, a room)
- (military, dated) to arm
- to decorate, to pretty, to garnish
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
| infinitive | simple | garnir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | garnissant /ɡaʁ.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | garni /ɡaʁ.ni/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnit /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnissons /ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/ | garnissez /ɡaʁ.ni.se/ | garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
| imperfect | garnissais /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ | garnissais /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ | garnissait /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ | garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/ | garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/ | garnissaient /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnit /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnîmes /ɡaʁ.nim/ | garnîtes /ɡaʁ.nit/ | garnirent /ɡaʁ.niʁ/ | |
| future | garnirai /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/ | garniras /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/ | garnira /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/ | garnirons /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | garnirez /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/ | garniront /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | garnirais /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ | garnirais /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ | garnirait /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ | garnirions /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ | garniriez /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁje/ | garniraient /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/ | garnisses /ɡaʁ.nis/ | garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/ | garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/ | garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/ | garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
| imperfect2 | garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/ | garnisses /ɡaʁ.nis/ | garnît /ɡaʁ.ni/ | garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/ | garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/ | garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ | — | garnissons /ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/ | garnissez /ɡaʁ.ni.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- bouquet garni
Related terms
- garnison
Descendants
- → Russian: гарни́р m (garnír)
Further reading
- “garnir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Icelandic
Noun
garnir
- indefinite nominative plural of görn
- indefinite accusative plural of görn
Middle French
Alternative forms
- guarnir
Etymology
From Old French garnir.
Verb
garnir
- to equip; to furnish with
- to decorate
- circa 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
- Guy de Trimouille fist tres richemment garnir la nef ou son corps devoit passer
- Guy de Trimouille richly decorated the boat where his body should lay
-
Descendants
- French: garnir
- → Russian: гарни́р m (garnír)
Old French
Etymology
From Frankish *warnjan.
Verb
garnir
- Alternative form of guarnir
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | garnir | avoir garni | |||||
| gerund | en garnissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | garnissant | ||||||
| past participle | garni | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | garnis | garnis | garnist | garnissons | garnissez | garnissent |
| imperfect | garnissoie, garnisseie | garnissoies, garnisseies | garnissoit, garnisseit | garnissiiens, garnissiens | garnissiiez, garnissiez | garnissoient, garnisseient | |
| preterite | garni | garnis | garni | garnimes | garnistes | garnirent | |
| future | garnirai | garniras | garnira | garnirons | garniroiz, garnireiz, garnirez | garniront | |
| conditional | garniroie, garnireie | garniroies, garnireies | garniroit, garnireit | garniriiens, garniriens | garniriiez, garniriez | garniroient, garnireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | garnisse | garnisses | garnisse | garnissons | garnissez | garnissent |
| imperfect | garnisse | garnisses | garnist | garnissons, garnissiens | garnissoiz, garnissez, garnissiez | garnissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | garnis | — | garnissons | garnissez | — | ||
Derived terms
- garnement