galds

galds

See also: gälds

Latvian

Galds

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *geld-, *gald-, from Proto-Indo-European *geldʰ-, *goldʰ- (“to chip, to scratch, to hollow”). The semantic evolution was probably: “chipped, carved, hollowed (thing)” → “chip, board cut from a block (of wood)” (a meaning still attested; see below) → “trough, wood container (for eating, feeding)” (note also the meaning of derived term aizgalds (“sty, pen”)) → “table (for eating).” Cognates include Lithuanian gélda (“trough, wooden container”), Old Prussian galdo.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡâlts]

(file)

Noun

galds m (1st declension)

1. table (piece of furniture consisting of a horizontal surface on legs, to support objects — dishes and food while eating, tools while working, etc.)

   četrstūrains, apaļš, garš galds ― rectangular, round, long table

   pulēts, krāsots galds ― polished, painted table

   riekstkoka galds ― walnut (wood) table

   darba galds ― work table

   virtuves, ēdamistabas galds ― kitchen, dining-room table

   tualetes galds ― dressing table

   izvelkamais galds ― folding table

   galda atvilktne, stūris ― table drawer, corner

   galda lampa, pulkstenis ― table lamp, clock

   galda drāna, galddrāna ― tablecloth

   galda teniss ― table tennis (game)

   mazgāt galdu ― to wash the table

   pārklāt galdu ― to cover the table

   sasēsties ap galdu ― to sit at the table

   operācijas galds ― operation table (where surgery is performed)

2. (by metonymy) table (a table drawer or small cabinet)

   ielikt rakstāmpiederumus galdā ― to put the stationary (lit. writing things) in the table (= drawer)

   izņemt grāmatu no galda ― to take a book from the table (= drawer)

   noglabāt dokumentus galdā ― to keep documents in the talbe (= drawer)

   aizslēgt, atvērt galdu ― to lock, to open the table (= drawer)

   sameklēt galdā papīru ― to look for paper in the table (= drawer)

3. table, buffet (the food and drinks placed on the table; said food and drinks together with the table)

   lūgt pie galda ― to invite to the table (= to eat)

   bagātīgs dzīru galds ― rich banquet table

   viesību galds ― party table

   lepns kāzu galds ― proud (= exquisite) wedding table

   pilns galds ― full table (i.e., with a lot of food, drinks)

   tukšs galds ― empty table (i.e., with little or no food, drinks)

4. table (type of food)

   siltais, aukstais galds ― warm, coold table (with warm, cold food)

   kafijas galds ― coffee table (with coffee, cookies, etc.)

5. table (a meal, the food consumed during a meal)

   pusdienu galds ― lunch table

   galda runa ― table speech (speech made during a meal)

6. table (group of people sitting at the same table and eating together)

   kalpu galds ― servants' table

   saimnieku galds ― masters' table

7. board especially treated to make a certain specific object

   mucas galdi ― barrel boards (= for making barrels)

   laivas galdi ― ship boards (= for making ships)

   gultas galdi ― bed boards (= for making beds)

8. board, table (horizontal surface or platform for some device or machine)

   kuļmašīnas galds ― threshing machine table

Declension

Declension of galds (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	galds	galdi
accusative (akuzatīvs)	galdu	galdus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	galda	galdu
dative (datīvs)	galdam	galdiem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	galdu	galdiem
locative (lokatīvs)	galdā	galdos
vocative (vokatīvs)	gald	galdi

Derived terms

• aizgalds
• galdnieks, galdniece, galdniecība
• rakstāmgalds

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “galds”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN