Gaia
See also: gaia
English
WOTD – 22 April 2018
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîa, “Gaea, the Earth personified as a goddess”), from γαῖᾰ (gaîa, “the Earth”), probably related to γῆ (gê, “earth, land; country”).
Sense 1 was coined by the British scientist, environmentalist, and futurist James Lovelock (born 1919) in his book Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (1979), at the suggestion of the British novelist, playwright, and poet William Golding (1911–1993): see the quotation.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Gaia hypothesis) (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ˈɡaɪə/
- (Goddess of the Earth) (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ˈɡeɪə/, /ˈɡaɪə/
Audio (GA) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪə, -eɪə
Proper noun
Gaia
- (ecology) The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism. [from 20th c.]
- 1979, J[ames] E[phraim] Lovelock, “Introductory”, in Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 1 and 11:
- [page 1] As I write, two Viking spacecraft are circling our fellow planet Mars, awaiting landfall instructions from the Earth. Their mission is to search for life, or evidence of life, now or long ago. This book is also about a search for life, and the quest for Gaia is an attempt to find the largest living creature on Earth. […] [I]f Gaia does exist, then we may find ourselves and all other living things to be parts and partners of a vast being who in her entirety has the power to maintain our planet as a fit and comfortable habitat for life. […] [page 11] We have since defined Gaia as a complex entity involving the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet.
- 1983, David Hoffmann, “The Holistic Approach”, in The Holistic Herbal: A Herbal Celebrating the Wholeness of Life, Findhorn, Moray, Scotland: Findhorn, →ISBN; Holistic Herbal: A Safe and Practical Guide to Making and Using Herbal Remedies, 3rd edition, London: Thorsons, HarperCollins Publishers, 2002, →ISBN, page 13:
- In fact Planet Earth can be seen as an active participant in the creation of its own story, a living being now given the name Gaia, a name from Greek mythology for the goddess of earth. […] The very ability to perceive of the earth as living, as Gaia, is an indication of the expansion of consciousness that humanity as a whole is experiencing.
- 1988, Lynn Margulis, “Jim Lovelock’s Gaia”, in Peter Bunyard and Edward Goldsmith, editors, Gaia, the Thesis, the Mechanisms and the Implications: Proceedings of the First Annual Camelford Conference on the Implications of the Gaia Hypothesis, held on 21–24th October 1987 in Cornwall, Camelford, Cornwall: Wadebridge Ecological Centre, →ISBN, page 50:
- Having recognised the Gaian phenomenon I would like to explain where I think Gaia comes from and ask for how long this Gaia phenomenon has persisted on the surface of the Earth. And then I would like to raise some of the objections to the Gaia hypothesis. To my knowledge the Gaia hypothesis has never been discussed in polite scientific society by sympathetic scientists; this is an all time first.
- 2003 September 13, Nicholas Lezard, “The importance of being wrong”, in The Guardian, retrieved 2021-05-19:
- Meanwhile, mankind is getting on with the business of turning the Earth barren; sooner or later, but more likely sooner, Gaia will shrug us off and the Earth will carry on as if we had never been.
- 2007 November 1, Jeff Goodell, “James Lovelock, the Prophet”, in Rolling Stone:
- At first, Lovelock didn’t view global warming as an urgent threat to the planet. “Gaia is a tough bitch,” he often said […] But a few years ago […] Lovelock became convinced that Gaia’s autopilot system […] is seriously out of whack, derailed by pollution and deforestation.
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- (Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend.
- 1858, W[illiam] E[wart] Gladstone, “Ilios. The Trojans Compared and Contrasted with the Greeks.”, in Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age. [...] In Three Volumes, volume III, Oxford: At the University Press, OCLC 813305724, page 153:
- While investigating the Greek mythology, we have found reason to suppose that Juno, Ceres, and Gaia are but three different forms of the same original tradition of a divine feminine: of whom Ceres is the Pelasgian copy, Juno the vivid and powerful Hellenic development, and Gaia the original skeleton, retaining nothing of the old character, but having acquired the function of gaol-keeper for perjurors when sent to the other world.
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Derived terms
- Gaia-Enceladus
- Gaia hypothesis
- Gaian
- Gaianism
- Gaia Sausage
Translations
the ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating organism
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References
- “Gaia”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
Gaia hypothesis on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - Gaia philosophy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- aiga
Finnish
Etymology
From Ancient Greek Γαῖᾰ (Gaîa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡɑi̯ɑ/, [ˈɡɑi̯ɑ]
- IPA(key): /ˈɡɑi̯jɑ/, [ˈɡɑi̯j(ː)ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑiɑ
- Syllabification(key): Gai‧a
Proper noun
Gaia
- Gaia
Declension
| Inflection of Gaia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | Gaia | — | |
| genitive | Gaian | — | |
| partitive | Gaiaa | — | |
| illative | Gaiaan | — | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | Gaia | — | |
| accusative | nom. | Gaia | — |
| gen. | Gaian | ||
| genitive | Gaian | — | |
| partitive | Gaiaa | — | |
| inessive | Gaiassa | — | |
| elative | Gaiasta | — | |
| illative | Gaiaan | — | |
| adessive | Gaialla | — | |
| ablative | Gaialta | — | |
| allative | Gaialle | — | |
| essive | Gaiana | — | |
| translative | Gaiaksi | — | |
| instructive | — | — | |
| abessive | Gaiatta | — | |
| comitative | — | — | |
| Possessive forms of Gaia (type kulkija) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | Gaiani | Gaiamme |
| 2nd person | Gaiasi | Gaianne |
| 3rd person | Gaiansa | |
Latin
Alternative forms
- (archaic or hypercorrect) Cāia
- Gāja
Etymology
Feminine form of Gāius.
Pronunciation
- (original)
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡaː.i.a/, [ˈɡäːiä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡa.i.a/, [ˈɡäːiä]
- (later)
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡaː.i̯a/, [ˈɡäːi̯ä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡa.ja/, [ˈɡäːjä]
- (hypercorrect)
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkaː.i.a/, [ˈkäːiä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.i.a/, [ˈkäːiä]
- (hypercorrect)
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkaː.i̯a/, [ˈkäːi̯ä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.ja/, [ˈkäːjä]
Proper noun
Gāia f (genitive Gāiae, masculine Gāius); first declension
- A feminine praenomen.
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Gāia | Gāiae |
| Genitive | Gāiae | Gāiārum |
| Dative | Gāiae | Gāiīs |
| Accusative | Gāiam | Gāiās |
| Ablative | Gāiā | Gāiīs |
| Vocative | Gāia | Gāiae |
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡaj.ɐ/ [ˈɡaɪ̯.ɐ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡaj.a/ [ˈɡaɪ̯.a]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈɡaj.ɐ/
- Rhymes: -ajɐ
- Hyphenation: Gai‧a
Proper noun
Gaia f
- Gaia
- Synonym of Vila Nova de Gaia
Usage notes
Gaia is never indicated by an article; see usage notes for Portugal.