gaeafgysgu
Welsh
Etymology
gaeaf (“winter”) + cysgu (“sleep”)
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəsɡɨ/, [ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəskɨ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡei̯avˈɡəsɡi/, [ˌɡei̯avˈɡəski]
Verb
gaeafgysgu (first-person singular present gaeafgysgaf)
- hibernate
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | gaeafgysgaf | gaeafgysgi | gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga | gaeafgysgwn | gaeafgysgwch | gaeafgysgant | gaeafgysgir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | gaeafgysgwn | gaeafgysgit | gaeafgysgai | gaeafgysgem | gaeafgysgech | gaeafgysgent | gaeafgysgid | |
| preterite | gaeafgysgais | gaeafgysgaist | gaeafgysgodd | gaeafgysgasom | gaeafgysgasoch | gaeafgysgasant | gaeafgysgwyd | |
| pluperfect | gaeafgysgaswn | gaeafgysgasit | gaeafgysgasai | gaeafgysgasem | gaeafgysgasech | gaeafgysgasent | gaeafgysgasid, gaeafgysgesid | |
| present subjunctive | gaeafgysgwyf | gaeafgysgych | gaeafgysgo | gaeafgysgom | gaeafgysgoch | gaeafgysgont | gaeafgysger | |
| imperative | — | gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga | gaeafgysged | gaeafgysgwn | gaeafgysgwch | gaeafgysgent | gaeafgysger | |
| verbal noun | gaeafgysgu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | gaeafgysgedig gaeafgysgadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gaeafgysga i, gaeafgysgaf i | gaeafgysgi di | gaeafgysgith o/e/hi, gaeafgysgiff e/hi | gaeafgysgwn ni | gaeafgysgwch chi | gaeafgysgan nhw |
| conditional | gaeafgysgwn i, gaeafgysgswn i | gaeafgysget ti, gaeafgysgset ti | gaeafgysgai fo/fe/hi, gaeafgysgsai fo/fe/hi | gaeafgysgen ni, gaeafgysgsen ni | gaeafgysgech chi, gaeafgysgsech chi | gaeafgysgen nhw, gaeafgysgsen nhw |
| preterite | gaeafgysgais i, gaeafgysges i | gaeafgysgaist ti, gaeafgysgest ti | gaeafgysgodd o/e/hi | gaeafgysgon ni | gaeafgysgoch chi | gaeafgysgon nhw |
| imperative | — | gaeafgysga | — | — | gaeafgysgwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gaeafgysgu | aeafgysgu | ngaeafgysgu | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950-), “gaeafgysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies