ga

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ga"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of Irish Gaeilge

Symbol

ga

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Irish.

Aeka

Noun

ga

rain

Anguthimri

Noun

ga

(Mpakwithi) mouth

Verb

ga

(transitive, Mpakwithi) to poke
(transitive, Mpakwithi) to peel

References

Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 185

Bisu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Pronoun

ga (Thai spelling กงา)

I.

Djambarrpuyngu

Conjunction

ga

and

References

M.P. Wilkinson, Djambarrpuyŋu: A Yolŋu Variety of Northern Australia (1991), p. 393
Margit Bowler and Vanya Kapitonov, Towards a typology of quantification in Australian languages (2018), p. 17

Drung

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ga.

Noun

ga

saddle

References

Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎, Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio (file)
Rhymes: -aː
IPA^(key): /ɣaː/

Verb

ga

first-person singular present indicative of gaan
(archaic) singular present subjunctive of gaan
imperative of gaan
ga! ― go!

Ewe

Noun

ga

metal
money

Fijian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ŋaː/

Adverb

ga

only

Conjunction

ga

but

Synonyms

ia

Noun

ga

duck

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French gare.

Noun

ga

station, terminal

Hiw

Etymology

From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣaya, an irregular reflex of Proto-Oceanic *kawaʀ, metathesis of *wakaʀ (“root”). Cognate with Mwotlap ga and Lo-Toga gi, and also with Proto-Polynesian *kawa (whence Tongan kava).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣa/

Noun

ga

kava plant, Piper methysticum
kava, an intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

References

p.507 of: Alexandre François (2010), Pragmatic demotion and clause dependency: On two atypical subordinating strategies in the Lo-Toga and Hiw (Torres, Vanuatu), in Isabelle Bril (ed.), Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy (Studies in Language Companion Series 121), 499–548. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Indonesian

Adverb

ga

Alternative form of (eng)gak

Irish

Alternative forms

gae, gath

Etymology

Apparently a conflation of Old Irish gath, goth (“spear”) with the synonymous gae (“spear”), from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“spear”). Cognate with Welsh gwayw and Latin gaesum (a Gaulish loanword) as well as Old English gār.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/
(Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /ɡaː/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡah/[1]

Noun

ga m (genitive singular ga or gaoi, nominative plural gathanna or gaoi or gaoithe)

spear (long stick with a sharp tip), dart
dart, sting
Chuir an cat a gha ann. ― The cat clawed him.
ray (beam of light or radiation)
(geometry) radius (line segment between any point on the circumference of a circle and its center; length of this segment)
(medicine) suppository
(fishing) gaff

Declension

Declension of ga

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ga	gathanna
Vocative	a gha	a ghathanna
Genitive	ga	gathanna
Dative	ga	gathanna

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an ga	na gathanna
Genitive	an gha	na ngathanna
Dative	leis an nga don gha	leis na gathanna

Alternative genitive singular: gaoi
Alternative plural forms: gaoi, gaoithe

Derived terms

alfa-gha m (“alpha ray”)
béitea-gha (“beta ray”)
ga-chatóideach (“cathode-ray”, adjective)
gáma-gha m (“gamma ray”)
ga-shiméadrach (“radially symmetrical”, adjective)
ga-shiméadracht f (“radial symmetry”)
X-gha m (“X-ray”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ga	gha	nga
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 8

Japanese

Romanization

ga

Rōmaji transcription of が
Rōmaji transcription of ガ

Kaingang

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈⁿɡa/

Noun

ga

earth; land

Lombard

Adverb

ga

(Eastern Lombard) there (in the expression of "there be")

Synonyms

(Western Lombard): ghe

Pronoun

ga m or f

(Eastern Lombard) him; her/it (dative case)
(Eastern Lombard) them (dative case)

Synonyms

(Western Lombard): ghe

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Adverb

ga

when

Synonyms

gdy

Mandarin

Romanization

ga (ga⁵ / ga⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄍㄚ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 價／价, 价.

ga

Nonstandard spelling of gā.
Nonstandard spelling of gá.
Nonstandard spelling of gǎ.
Nonstandard spelling of gà.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Manx

Conjunction

ga

though, although
- V'eh yn fer toshee dy feer, ga nagh row yn ennym er. He was leader in deed though not in name.
albeit

Middle Dutch

Verb

gâ

inflection of gâen:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

Middle English

Verb

ga

(Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (“to go”)

Mwotlap

Etymology

From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣaya, an irregular reflex of Proto-Oceanic *kawaʀ, metathesis of *wakaʀ (“root”). Cognate with Hiw ga and Lo-Toga gi, and also with Proto-Polynesian *kawa (whence Tongan kava).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣa/

Noun

ga (determinate naga)

kava plant, Piper methysticum
kava, an intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

References

François, Alexandre. 2022. Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS. (Pdf version) – entry ga.

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Related to Persian ‎ (gâv).

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

ga ?

ox
bull

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

gav

Verb

ga

simple past of gi

Phalura

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what? why? (interrogative particle)”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Determiner

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

any
what (kind), which

References

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Pronoun

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

what
that

References

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Conjunction

ga (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

Complementizer/relativizer
that
which
who
where

References

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Particle

ga (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

Marker of inferred, assumed or presumed knowledge

References

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Romanian

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

ga

sound made by geese

Scottish Gaelic

Pronoun

ga

him, it (direct object)
Bha sinn ga thuigsinn. ― We understood it.
her, it (direct object)
Cha bhi mi ga tachairt. ― I won't be meeting her.

Usage notes

As him/it lenites the following word.
As her/it adds the prefix h- to the following word if it begins with a vowel.
An robh thu ga h-ithe? ― Did you eat it?

Related terms

gad
gam
gan
gar
gur
e
i

Serbo-Croatian

Pronoun

ga (Cyrillic spelling га)

of him (clitic genitive singular of ȏn (“he”))
him (clitic accusative singular of ȏn (“he”))
of it (clitic genitive singular of òno (“it”))
it (clitic accusative singular of òno (“it”))

Declension

Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

Sumerian

Romanization

ga

Romanization of 𒂵 (ga)

Tagalog

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡa/, [ɡɐ]

Etymology 1

Possibly a shortened form of baga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba₅. Cognate with Cebuano ba and Malagasy va.

Particle

ga

(dialectal, Batangas, Quezon) marks a sentence as interrogative
Synonyms: ba, (dialectal) baga

Noun

ga

The name of the Latin-script letter G.

Teribe

Noun

ga

skunk

References

Gamarra A., Enrique; Villagra S., Inocencio (1980) Llëbo ñaglo lok kibokwogo ëre e lanyo = Vocabulario ilustrado teribe-español‎ (in Teribe and Spanish), Instituto Nacional de Cultura & Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 9

Venetian

Verb

ga

third-person singular present indicative of gaver

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ɣaː˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ɣaː˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ɣaː˧˧]

Etymology 1

From French gare.

Noun

ga

train station

Etymology 2

From French gaz (“gas”), from Dutch gas.

Noun

ga

gas used for a gas stove
bình ga ― a gas tank
carbon dioxide used for a carbonated drink
nước ngọt có ga ― a sweet carbonated drink
lighter fluid
Bật lửa này hết ga rồi.
This lighter's run out of fluid.
(automotive) accelerator

Derived terms

rú ga

Noun

ga

(Southern Vietnam, especially Mekong Delta) Pronunciation spelling of ra (“bed sheet”).

Waigali

Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *gā́wā (whence Ashkun gá, Kamkata-viri gó, Prasuni gúṭu, Tregami gá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš (whence Sanskrit गो (gó), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊‎ (gao), Persian ‎ (gâv)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (whence Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Russian говя́до (govjádo), English cow).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡá/

Noun

ga f

cow

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡaː/

Verb

ga

Soft mutation of ca.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ca	ga	ngha	cha
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Western Apache

Noun

ga

jackrabbit

Westrobothnian

Alternative forms

gå, gâ, gja, gär, ger, gæ

Verb

ga (preterite gekk or gikk, plural ging, supine gatt or gaije or goi or gö, imperative gakk, plural gaijen or goien)

(intransitive) to walk
(intransitive, of objects) move, start
(with dill) amount to

Derived terms

ga dill (“get executed; grow”)
ga ve (“die”)

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 尕 (gǎ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ka]

Adjective

ga

small (in size, number, etc.)
je-ge jjhakai zhungo kan-la xaige ga-li.
This country is much smaller than China.
(Quoted in Sandman, p. 146)
dangga gejhai-mu ga-de shai-la ha xaitang-li da gu qhi-de yi-zek ra mi-li.
None of our schoolchildren goes to Chinese school [i.e. schools where the medium of education is Mandarin] at the very young age.
(Quoted in Sandman, p. 355)

References

Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yola

Verb

ga

simple past tense of gee
- 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 8:
  An Paudeen hay ga her a mighty smugal.
  And Paddy, he gave her a mighty smack.

References

Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133

Yoruba

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡà/

Verb

gà

to set up a collapsible device; to open out; to spread out
Bá mi ga agbòjò yìí ― Help me open this umbrella
to gape open
Ilẹ̀ á gà jù ọ́ lọ ― The ground shall open and swallow you up

Usage notes

ga before a direct object

Derived terms

ẹṣin ń lekó, òròmọ adìẹ ń gàdí
gàga
gbólóhùn gígà (“cleft sentence”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡà/

to set someone up for a joke; (literally) to make someone believe what may not be true of themself in a joking manner
mo ń gà ẹ́ ni ― I am only setting you up for a joke
(transitive) to tickle
Synonyms: rìn, rìn ní ìgàkè, gà léèégìnnì, rìn léèégìnnì

Derived terms

gà léèégìnnì (“to tickle someone with a tickle”)

Related terms

ìgàkè (“tickle”)
èégìnnì (“tickle”)
ẹ̀fẹ̀ (“joke”)
àwàdà (“comedy”)

Usage notes

ga before a direct object

Alternative forms

gọn (Ìjẹ̀bú)
go (Ìkálẹ̀, Oǹdó, Ifẹ̀)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡā/

Verb

ga

to be tall
Antonym: kúrú
(idiomatic) to be beyond that which can be tolerated or described

Derived terms

gíga (“tallness; height”)
ó ga! (“this is beyond description!”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡá/

Verb

gá

to stand aloof
to become tired or fed up
Synonym: gọ́
ọ̀rọ̀ náàá gá mi ― This matter has caused me to be fed up

Derived terms

agá (“one who stands aloof, one who is fed up”)
gígá
ìgá

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Related to Persian ‎ (gâv).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɡɑ]
Hyphenation: ga

Noun

ga m

ox
bull
(astronomy, astrology) Taurus

Zhuang

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥴ (xáa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal.

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ka˨˦/

Tone numbers: ga¹

Hyphenation: ga

Noun

ga (Sawndip forms 𮛑 or 胩 or 跏 or 軻, 1957–1982 spelling ga)

(anatomy) leg
leg (of a chair, table, etc.)

Classifier

ga (1957–1982 spelling ga)

quarter of (a butchered four-legged animal)
one of a pair of long, thin objects (shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, etc.)

[1] Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 8

ga

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

Aeka

Noun

Further reading

Anguthimri

Noun

Verb

References

Bisu

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Djambarrpuyngu

Conjunction

References

Drung

Etymology

Noun

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

Ewe

Noun

Fijian

Pronunciation

Adverb

Conjunction

Synonyms

Noun

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Noun

Hiw

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Indonesian

Adverb

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

Kaingang

Pronunciation

Noun

Lombard

Adverb

Synonyms

Pronoun

Synonyms

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Adverb

Synonyms

Further reading

Mandarin

Romanization

Usage notes

Manx

Conjunction

Middle Dutch

Verb

Middle English

Verb

Mwotlap

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun