aigrir
French
Etymology
From aigre + -ir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ.ɡʁiʁ/, /e.ɡʁiʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
aigrir
- to make bitter, to embitter
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of aigrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | aigrir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | aigrissant /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɑ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | aigri /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | aigris /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigris /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigrit /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigrissons /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɔ̃/ | aigrissez /ɛ.ɡʁi.se/ or /e.ɡʁi.se/ | aigrissent /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ |
imperfect | aigrissais /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɛ/ | aigrissais /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɛ/ | aigrissait /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɛ/ | aigrissions /ɛ.ɡʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.sjɔ̃/ | aigrissiez /ɛ.ɡʁi.sje/ or /e.ɡʁi.sje/ | aigrissaient /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | aigris /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigris /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigrit /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigrîmes /ɛ.ɡʁim/ or /e.ɡʁim/ | aigrîtes /ɛ.ɡʁit/ or /e.ɡʁit/ | aigrirent /ɛ.ɡʁiʁ/ or /e.ɡʁiʁ/ | |
future | aigrirai /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁe/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁe/ | aigriras /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁa/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁa/ | aigrira /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁa/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁa/ | aigrirons /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | aigrirez /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁe/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁe/ | aigriront /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | aigrirais /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ | aigrirais /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ | aigrirait /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ | aigririons /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ | aigririez /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁje/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁje/ | aigriraient /ɛ.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ or /e.ɡʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | aigrisse /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ | aigrisses /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ | aigrisse /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ | aigrissions /ɛ.ɡʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.sjɔ̃/ | aigrissiez /ɛ.ɡʁi.sje/ or /e.ɡʁi.sje/ | aigrissent /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ |
imperfect2 | aigrisse /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ | aigrisses /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ | aigrît /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | aigrissions /ɛ.ɡʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.sjɔ̃/ | aigrissiez /ɛ.ɡʁi.sje/ or /e.ɡʁi.sje/ | aigrissent /ɛ.ɡʁis/ or /e.ɡʁis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | aigris /ɛ.ɡʁi/ or /e.ɡʁi/ | — | aigrissons /ɛ.ɡʁi.sɔ̃/ or /e.ɡʁi.sɔ̃/ | aigrissez /ɛ.ɡʁi.se/ or /e.ɡʁi.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “aigrir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.