ful
See also: fúl, fûl, fül, -ful, and ful-
Translingual
Symbol
ful
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Fula.
Catalan
Etymology
From Fula 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫.
Adjective
ful (indeclinable)
- Of or pertaining to Fula.
Noun
ful m (uncountable)
- Fula
Related terms
- fulbe
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz, cognate with Swedish ful, English foul, German faul, Dutch vuil.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fuːˀl/, [ˈfuˀl]
- Homophone: fugl
Adjective
ful (neuter fult, plural and definite singular attributive fule)
- (dated) nasty, ugly
Maltese
Etymology
From Arabic فُول (fūl).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fuːl/
Noun
ful m (collective, singulative fula, paucal fuliet)
- broad bean, broad beans
See also
- fażola
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English full, from Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.
Alternative forms
- fol, full, vol, vul
Adverb
ful
- very; much; to a great extent
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
- And I seide, "Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. […]
- And I said, "Sir, in his time master John Wycliffe was held by very many men the greatest clerk that they knew living upon earth. And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living. […]
- And I seide, "Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. […]
- 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
- full
- ca. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 25:8
- and failynge he was deed in a good elde, and of greet age, and ful of dayes, and he was gaderyd to his puple.
- and failing he was dead in a good old [age], and of great age, and full of days, and he was gathered to his people.
- and failynge he was deed in a good elde, and of greet age, and ful of dayes, and he was gaderyd to his puple.
- ca. 1384, John Wycliffe, Wycliffe Bible (translation from the Vulgate), Genesis 25:8
Derived terms
- fulhede
- fulle
- fullen
- fulsom
- fulthe
Related terms
- fille
- fillen
- -ful
- ful-
- fully
- fulnesse
Descendants
- English: full
- Scots: fou, full
- Yola: vull
References
- “ful, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Noun
ful
- Alternative form of fulle
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʉːl/
- Rhymes: -ʉːl
- Homophone: fugl
Adjective
ful (masculine and feminine ful, neuter fult, definite singular and plural fule, comparative fulere, indefinite superlative fulest, definite superlative fuleste)
- clever, sly
References
- “ful” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “ful” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.
Adjective
ful (neuter fult, definite singular and plural fule, comparative fulare, indefinite superlative fulast, definite superlative fulaste)
- clever, sly
References
- “ful” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology 1
From Proto-West Germanic *full.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ful/
Adjective
ful
- Alternative form of full
Declension
Declension of ful — Strong
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ful | ful | ful |
| Accusative | fulne | fulle | ful |
| Genitive | fulles | fulre | fulles |
| Dative | fullum | fulre | fullum |
| Instrumental | fulle | fulre | fulle |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | fulle | fulla, fulle | ful |
| Accusative | fulle | fulla, fulle | ful |
| Genitive | fulra | fulra | fulra |
| Dative | fullum | fullum | fullum |
| Instrumental | fullum | fullum | fullum |
Declension of ful — Weak
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | fulla | fulle | fulle |
| Accusative | fullan | fullan | fulle |
| Genitive | fullan | fullan | fullan |
| Dative | fullan | fullan | fullan |
| Instrumental | fullan | fullan | fullan |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | fullan | fullan | fullan |
| Accusative | fullan | fullan | fullan |
| Genitive | fulra, fullena | fulra, fullena | fulra, fullena |
| Dative | fullum | fullum | fullum |
| Instrumental | fullum | fullum | fullum |
Etymology 2
From Proto-West Germanic *fūl.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fuːl/
Adjective
fūl
- foul (dirty, stinking, vile, corrupt)
Declension
Declension of fūl — Strong
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | fūl | fūl | fūl |
| Accusative | fūlne | fūle | fūl |
| Genitive | fūles | fūlre | fūles |
| Dative | fūlum | fūlre | fūlum |
| Instrumental | fūle | fūlre | fūle |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | fūle | fūla, fūle | fūl |
| Accusative | fūle | fūla, fūle | fūl |
| Genitive | fūlra | fūlra | fūlra |
| Dative | fūlum | fūlum | fūlum |
| Instrumental | fūlum | fūlum | fūlum |
Declension of fūl — Weak
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | fūla | fūle | fūle |
| Accusative | fūlan | fūlan | fūle |
| Genitive | fūlan | fūlan | fūlan |
| Dative | fūlan | fūlan | fūlan |
| Instrumental | fūlan | fūlan | fūlan |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | fūlan | fūlan | fūlan |
| Accusative | fūlan | fūlan | fūlan |
| Genitive | fūlra, fūlena | fūlra, fūlena | fūlra, fūlena |
| Dative | fūlum | fūlum | fūlum |
| Instrumental | fūlum | fūlum | fūlum |
Derived terms
- fūlnes
Descendants
- Middle English: foul
- English: foul
- Scots: foul
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *full.
Adjective
ful
- full
Descendants
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum: fol
- West Frisian: fol
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ful/
Verb
·ful
- third-person singular present subjunctive prototonic of fo·loing
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ·ful | ·ḟul | ·ful pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *full, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.
Adjective
ful
- full
Declension
Declension of ful
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| nominative | ful | fulle | ful | fullu | ful | fulle |
| accusative | fullana | fulle | ful | fullu | fulla | fulle |
| genitive | fulles | fullarō | fulles | fullarō | fullaro | fullarō |
| dative | fullumu | fullum | fullumu | fullum | fullaro | fullum |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| nominative | fullo | fullu | fulla | fullu | fulla | fullu |
| accusative | fullun | fullun | fulla | fullun | fullun | fullun |
| genitive | fullun | fullonō | fullun | fullonō | fullun | fullonō |
| dative | fullun | fullum | fullun | fullum | fullun | fullum |
Related terms
- fullian
Descendants
- Low German: vull
Plautdietsch
Adjective
ful
- foul, rotten, putrid
- lazy, shiftless, indolent, slothful
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from English full.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ful/
Noun
ful m inan
- (poker) full house
Declension
Declension of ful
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ful | fule |
| genitive | fula | fuli/fulów |
| dative | fulowi | fulom |
| accusative | ful | fule |
| instrumental | fulem | fulami |
| locative | fulu | fulach |
| vocative | fulu | fule |
Further reading
- ful in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ful in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From English full.
Noun
ful n (plural fuluri)
- (poker) full house
Declension
Declension of ful
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) ful | fulul | (niște) fuluri | fulurile |
| genitive/dative | (unui) ful | fulului | (unor) fuluri | fulurilor |
| vocative | fulule | fulurilor | ||
Saterland Frisian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʊl/
- Hyphenation: ful
- Rhymes: -ʊl
Etymology 1
From Old Frisian full, from Proto-West Germanic *full. Cognates include West Frisian fol and German voll.
Adjective
ful (inflected fulle, comparative fuller, superlative fulst)
- full
Antonyms
- (full): loos
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
ful
- Unstressed form of fúul
References
- Marron C. Fort (2015), “ful”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
- Marron C. Fort (2015), “fúul”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
Spanish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈful/ [ˈful]
- Rhymes: -ul
- Syllabification: ful
Adjective
ful (plural ful)
- (slang) cheap, fake
Further reading
- “ful”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse fúll, from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz. Compare English foul, Dutch vuil, German faul.
Pronunciation
- (Sweden) IPA(key): /fʉːl/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ʉːl
Adjective
ful (comparative fulare, superlative fulast)
- ugly; of displeasing appearance
- Det var den fulaste unge jag någonsin sett.
- That's the ugliest kid I've ever seen.
- dirty, bad; something contradictory to norms and rules
- Larsson gjorde en riktigt ful tackling.
- Larsson pulled off a really dirty tackle.
- prefix indicating a state of low or poor quality: an ironic opposite of fin (“fine, elegant”).
- 2000, Mikael Niemi, Populärmusik från Vittula p. 35; English translation by Laurie Thompson: Popular Music from Vittula (2003), p. 36.
- Hukande tassade han fram till predikstolen, en skygg liten gosse med fulsnaggat hår.
- Shoulders hunched, he tip-toed toward the pulpit, a bashful little boy with an awful haircut.
- Hukande tassade han fram till predikstolen, en skygg liten gosse med fulsnaggat hår.
- 2000, Mikael Niemi, Populärmusik från Vittula p. 35; English translation by Laurie Thompson: Popular Music from Vittula (2003), p. 36.
Declension
| Inflection of ful | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
| Common singular | ful | fulare | fulast |
| Neuter singular | fult | fulare | fulast |
| Plural | fula | fulare | fulast |
| Masculine plural3 | fule | fulare | fulast |
| Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| Masculine singular1 | fule | fulare | fulaste |
| All | fula | fulare | fulaste |
| 1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic | |||
Derived terms
- asful
- ful fisk
- ful gubbe
- fuling
- fulöl
- fulsnygg
- skitful
Further reading
- ful in Svensk ordbok.
Anagrams
- Ulf, ulf
Tok Pisin
Etymology
From English fool.
Noun
ful
- fool
Volapük
Noun
ful (nominative plural fuls)
- fullness
Declension
declension of ful
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ful | fuls |
| genitive | fula | fulas |
| dative | fule | fules |
| accusative | fuli | fulis |
| vocative 1 | o ful! | o fuls! |
| predicative 2 | fulu | fulus |
- 1 status as a case is disputed
- 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only