Fukien

English

Alternative forms

Fu-kien, Fu Kien, Fu kien, Fuh-kien, Fuh-Kien, Fuhkien (archaic)
Fuhkeen, Fuhkeën (obsolete)
Fookien (Philippines)

Etymology

From the Chinese postal romanization of Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 福建 (Fújiàn). Doublet of Hokkien.

Pronunciation

enPR: fo͞oʹkyěnʹ
IPA^(key): /ˈfuːˈkjɛn/

Proper noun

Fukien

(dated) Alternative form of Fujian
- 1973 May 11, “Taiwan Fisherman Compatriots Rescued”, in Peking Review‎, volume 16, number 19, archived from the original on 12 May 2019, retrieved 10 December 2020, page 4:
  On April 27, 12 fishermen from a trawler of the Hsinhuatai Co. in Keelung City, Taiwan Province, that had sunk near the island of Tungyin because of an engine breakdown were rescued by fishermen of the Haifeng Brigade of the Huangchi People's Commune in Lienchiang County, Fukien Province.
- 1976, Lawrence D. Kessler, K'ang-hsi and the Consolidation of Ch'ing Rule 1661-1684‎, pages 43-44:
  In the following year, over 30,000 people of T'ung-shan were evacuated. But during the rebellion of the three feudatories, when Cheng Ching again had a foothold on the mainland, the people of Fukien returned to their homes along the coast.
- 1977 July 24, T. K. Yang, “Freedom seeker says m'land people fight pigs for food”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XVIII, number 29, Taipei, page 2:
  Looking through the window into the misty morning sky over Taipei from his suite at a guest house on Yangmingshan on July 8, Fan Yuan-yen's eyes were filled with tears of joy-an experience that he had never before known. Just the day before, he had made a successful flight to freedom in a MIG19, from Chingkiang in Fukien Province on the Chinese mainland to an air force base in southern Taiwan.
- 1985, Diana Lary, Warlord Soldiers: Chinese Common Soldiers 1911-1937, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 135:
  An experience we had in a village called Liang-a, Fukien [Fujian] will give an idea of some of the present difficulties.
- 1992, Nixon, Richard, “The Pacific Triangle”, in Seize the Moment‎, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, LCCN 91-37743, OCLC 440652941, page 175:
  If the United States revoked MFN status, tariffs would skyrocket on the goods such as textiles, shoes, and toys that are primarily produced by private enterprises. Coastal provinces, such as Guangdong near Hong Kong and Fukien near Taiwan, that have served as the beachhead for free-market economics would suffer the worst blow.
- 2001, Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Civilizations‎, Pan Books, →ISBN, page 409:
  Opportunities to seaward, however risky, are more inviting than those on land. The first sign that those opportunities were being exploited is a rapid expansion of population indicated by censuses of the late seventh and eighth centuries. It may have been caused by refugees, attracted by the very inaccessibility of the region and content to farm as best they could on marginal and reclaimed lands. But by the ninth century there are numerous references in documents to the 'trade of the South Sea' on the Fukien coast.
- 2009, Leonard H. D. Gordon, Confrontation Over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers, Lexington Books, →ISBN:
  Resembling the shape of a tobacco leaf, Taiwan lies ninety miles off the coast of China and stretches nearly two hundred miles from north to south along the turbulent strait that bears its name separating the island from Fukien (Fujian) province ...
- 2021 November 19, Nakasone, Dan, “Featured Story – GETTING TO THE ROOT OF BENI IMO”, in The Hawaiʻi Herald‎, archived from the original on 28 January 2022:
  According to George Kerr’s book, “Okinawa, The History of an Island People,” beni imo was brought to Okinawa in 1606 by Noguni Sōkan, who was stationed at a Ryūkyū (Okinawa) trading post in the southern coastal district of the Fukien Province, China.
(Philippines) The Hokkien language.
- 2000, Norbert Weissinger, Soul of the Algorithm‎, San Jose: Authors Choice Press, →ISBN, OCLC 48369284, OL 7546136M, page 39:
  I thought it was faster than what they taught in school, but I've forgotten how to speak Fukien.
- 2006, Jolan Hsieh, Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Identity-Based Movement of Plain Indigenous in Taiwan, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 51:
  Linguistically, the mainlanders speak Mandarin Chinese, the Fulow speak Fukien/Southern dialects, and the Hakka speak their own dialects.
- 2016, Brian M. Howell, Christianity in the Local Context: Southern Baptists in the Philippines, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 52:
  However, their first priority in the earliest years was language learning with the local Chinese population with whom they could practice Mandarin and Fukien.
- 2022 February 2, Gonzales, Iris, “Injecting young blood into the empire”, in The Philippine Star‎, archived from the original on 3 February 2022:
  But more importantly, Capt. Stanley speaks the language of the Tan family, perhaps literally and otherwise. He is the son-in-law of the taipan, married to Tan’s daughter Lilybeth, also a veteran PAL pilot. He speaks fluent Mandarin, Cantonese, Fukien, English, and Filipino.

Synonyms

(language): Hoklo, Fookien, Hokkien, Fukienese, Fujianese

Hypernyms

(language): Min Nan, Minnan, Southern Min, Quanzhou–Zhangzhou, Chinchew–Changchew

Hyponyms

(language): Taiwanese, Quanzhou dialect, Chinchew, Xiamen dialect, Amoy, Xiamenese, Zhangzhou dialect, Changchew

Noun

Fukien (plural Fukien or Fukiens)

(Philippines) A (member of a) group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language.
- 1954, Zhengming Huang, The Legal Status of the Chinese Abroad:
  The Fukiens are to-day the most numerous of the Chinese race in Johore, Kelantan and the Straits Settlements. Taking British Malaya as a whole, there are 39 Chinese in every hundred of the population, while the percentage of Malays is 37.5 ...
- 1955, Ernest Henry George Dobby, Senior Geography for Malayans:
  The differences between South Chinese clans have been jealously kept, particularly among the Fukiens who, in Malaya, are called Hokkien if from the Kiulung Valley near Amoy, Teochiu if from the Han Valley behind Chaochow and Swatow, ...
- 1993, Tran Khanh, The Ethnic Chinese and Economic Development in Vietnam, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, →ISBN, page 30:
  Whereas the Teochews in Thailand and Cambodia, and the Fukiens in the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are the largest groups within their respective Chinese communities and hold the most powerful economic positions, ...
- 2008, Ethnicity and Migration in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam, 1975-2007:
  The Fukiens were skilled in trading, import and export, building ships and ocean shipping, intermediary business, running hotels and restaurants and manufacturing rubber products.

Adjective

Fukien (not comparable)

Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China, the Fujianese people, or the Hokkien language.
- 1937, ‎Robert Lockhart Hobson, Handbook of the Pottery & Porcelain of the Far East in the Department of Oriental Antiquities and of Ethnography, page 118:
  A few more Fukien figures and groups are included in the porcelain showing European influences in Bay VI; and it is curious to note that in several cases the European figure is apparently credited with divine attributes.
- 1976, Hwang, M.D., ‎Qinghuang Yan, ‎Chʻing-huang Yen, The Overseas Chinese and the 1911 Revolution, page 9:
  Two of the schools were Cantonese while the other was Fukien.
- 2004, Bennett Alan Weinberg, ‎Bonnie K. Bealer, The World of Caffeine:
  The most celebrated tea of the Ming period was Fukien tea, grown in the hills of Wu I, which the Chinese believed could purify the blood and renew health.
- 2013, John Franklin Copper, The KMT Returns to Power: Elections in Taiwan 2008 to 2012, page 148:
  The south is more rural, more provincial, and more Fukien Taiwanese.

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Fookien

Etymology

From the Chinese postal romanization of Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 福建. Doublet of Hokkien and Hukyen.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: Fu‧kien

IPA^(key): /ˈpukien/, [ˈpu.xɪen]

Proper noun

Fukien

the Hokkien language.
(dated) Former name of Fujian. province of China.

Noun

Fukien

(colloquial) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language.
(dated) Any person from Fujian.

Adjective

Fukien

Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China.
(colloquial) Of or relating to the Fujianese people.
(colloquial) Of or relating to the Hokkien language.

Synonyms

Hokkien

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Fukien.

单词	Fukien
释义	Fukien English Alternative forms Fu-kien, Fu Kien, Fu kien, Fuh-kien, Fuh-Kien, Fuhkien (archaic) Fuhkeen, Fuhkeën (obsolete) Fookien (Philippines) Etymology From the Chinese postal romanization of Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 福建 (Fújiàn). Doublet of Hokkien. Pronunciation enPR: fo͞oʹkyěnʹ IPA^(key): /ˈfuːˈkjɛn/ Proper noun Fukien (dated) Alternative form of Fujian 1973 May 11, “Taiwan Fisherman Compatriots Rescued”, in Peking Review‎, volume 16, number 19, archived from the original on 12 May 2019, retrieved 10 December 2020, page 4: On April 27, 12 fishermen from a trawler of the Hsinhuatai Co. in Keelung City, Taiwan Province, that had sunk near the island of Tungyin because of an engine breakdown were rescued by fishermen of the Haifeng Brigade of the Huangchi People's Commune in Lienchiang County, Fukien Province. 1976, Lawrence D. Kessler, K'ang-hsi and the Consolidation of Ch'ing Rule 1661-1684‎, pages 43-44: In the following year, over 30,000 people of T'ung-shan were evacuated. But during the rebellion of the three feudatories, when Cheng Ching again had a foothold on the mainland, the people of Fukien returned to their homes along the coast. 1977 July 24, T. K. Yang, “Freedom seeker says m'land people fight pigs for food”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XVIII, number 29, Taipei, page 2: Looking through the window into the misty morning sky over Taipei from his suite at a guest house on Yangmingshan on July 8, Fan Yuan-yen's eyes were filled with tears of joy-an experience that he had never before known. Just the day before, he had made a successful flight to freedom in a MIG19, from Chingkiang in Fukien Province on the Chinese mainland to an air force base in southern Taiwan. 1985, Diana Lary, Warlord Soldiers: Chinese Common Soldiers 1911-1937, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 135: An experience we had in a village called Liang-a, Fukien [Fujian] will give an idea of some of the present difficulties. 1992, Nixon, Richard, “The Pacific Triangle”, in Seize the Moment‎, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, LCCN 91-37743, OCLC 440652941, page 175: If the United States revoked MFN status, tariffs would skyrocket on the goods such as textiles, shoes, and toys that are primarily produced by private enterprises. Coastal provinces, such as Guangdong near Hong Kong and Fukien near Taiwan, that have served as the beachhead for free-market economics would suffer the worst blow. 2001, Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Civilizations‎, Pan Books, →ISBN, page 409: Opportunities to seaward, however risky, are more inviting than those on land. The first sign that those opportunities were being exploited is a rapid expansion of population indicated by censuses of the late seventh and eighth centuries. It may have been caused by refugees, attracted by the very inaccessibility of the region and content to farm as best they could on marginal and reclaimed lands. But by the ninth century there are numerous references in documents to the 'trade of the South Sea' on the Fukien coast. 2009, Leonard H. D. Gordon, Confrontation Over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers, Lexington Books, →ISBN: Resembling the shape of a tobacco leaf, Taiwan lies ninety miles off the coast of China and stretches nearly two hundred miles from north to south along the turbulent strait that bears its name separating the island from Fukien (Fujian) province ... 2021 November 19, Nakasone, Dan, “Featured Story – GETTING TO THE ROOT OF BENI IMO”, in The Hawaiʻi Herald‎, archived from the original on 28 January 2022: According to George Kerr’s book, “Okinawa, The History of an Island People,” beni imo was brought to Okinawa in 1606 by Noguni Sōkan, who was stationed at a Ryūkyū (Okinawa) trading post in the southern coastal district of the Fukien Province, China. (Philippines) The Hokkien language. 2000, Norbert Weissinger, Soul of the Algorithm‎, San Jose: Authors Choice Press, →ISBN, OCLC 48369284, OL 7546136M, page 39: I thought it was faster than what they taught in school, but I've forgotten how to speak Fukien. 2006, Jolan Hsieh, Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Identity-Based Movement of Plain Indigenous in Taiwan, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 51: Linguistically, the mainlanders speak Mandarin Chinese, the Fulow speak Fukien/Southern dialects, and the Hakka speak their own dialects. 2016, Brian M. Howell, Christianity in the Local Context: Southern Baptists in the Philippines, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 52: However, their first priority in the earliest years was language learning with the local Chinese population with whom they could practice Mandarin and Fukien. 2022 February 2, Gonzales, Iris, “Injecting young blood into the empire”, in The Philippine Star‎, archived from the original on 3 February 2022: But more importantly, Capt. Stanley speaks the language of the Tan family, perhaps literally and otherwise. He is the son-in-law of the taipan, married to Tan’s daughter Lilybeth, also a veteran PAL pilot. He speaks fluent Mandarin, Cantonese, Fukien, English, and Filipino. Synonyms (language): Hoklo, Fookien, Hokkien, Fukienese, Fujianese Hypernyms (language): Min Nan, Minnan, Southern Min, Quanzhou–Zhangzhou, Chinchew–Changchew Hyponyms (language): Taiwanese, Quanzhou dialect, Chinchew, Xiamen dialect, Amoy, Xiamenese, Zhangzhou dialect, Changchew Noun Fukien (plural Fukien or Fukiens) (Philippines) A (member of a) group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language. 1954, Zhengming Huang, The Legal Status of the Chinese Abroad: The Fukiens are to-day the most numerous of the Chinese race in Johore, Kelantan and the Straits Settlements. Taking British Malaya as a whole, there are 39 Chinese in every hundred of the population, while the percentage of Malays is 37.5 ... 1955, Ernest Henry George Dobby, Senior Geography for Malayans: The differences between South Chinese clans have been jealously kept, particularly among the Fukiens who, in Malaya, are called Hokkien if from the Kiulung Valley near Amoy, Teochiu if from the Han Valley behind Chaochow and Swatow, ... 1993, Tran Khanh, The Ethnic Chinese and Economic Development in Vietnam, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, →ISBN, page 30: Whereas the Teochews in Thailand and Cambodia, and the Fukiens in the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia are the largest groups within their respective Chinese communities and hold the most powerful economic positions, ... 2008, Ethnicity and Migration in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam, 1975-2007: The Fukiens were skilled in trading, import and export, building ships and ocean shipping, intermediary business, running hotels and restaurants and manufacturing rubber products. Adjective Fukien (not comparable) Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China, the Fujianese people, or the Hokkien language. 1937, ‎Robert Lockhart Hobson, Handbook of the Pottery & Porcelain of the Far East in the Department of Oriental Antiquities and of Ethnography, page 118: A few more Fukien figures and groups are included in the porcelain showing European influences in Bay VI; and it is curious to note that in several cases the European figure is apparently credited with divine attributes. 1976, Hwang, M.D., ‎Qinghuang Yan, ‎Chʻing-huang Yen, The Overseas Chinese and the 1911 Revolution, page 9: Two of the schools were Cantonese while the other was Fukien. 2004, Bennett Alan Weinberg, ‎Bonnie K. Bealer, The World of Caffeine: The most celebrated tea of the Ming period was Fukien tea, grown in the hills of Wu I, which the Chinese believed could purify the blood and renew health. 2013, John Franklin Copper, The KMT Returns to Power: Elections in Taiwan 2008 to 2012, page 148: The south is more rural, more provincial, and more Fukien Taiwanese. Further reading “Fukien”, in Collins English Dictionary. “Fukien, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. Fukien at OneLook Dictionary Search “Fukien”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary “Fukien” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2023. Tagalog Alternative forms Fookien Etymology From the Chinese postal romanization of Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 福建. Doublet of Hokkien and Hukyen. Pronunciation Hyphenation: Fu‧kien IPA^(key): /ˈpukien/, [ˈpu.xɪen] Proper noun Fukien the Hokkien language. (dated) Former name of Fujian. province of China. Noun Fukien (colloquial) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language. (dated) Any person from Fujian. Adjective Fukien Of or relating to the province of Fujian in China. (colloquial) Of or relating to the Fujianese people. (colloquial) Of or relating to the Hokkien language. Synonyms Hokkien Quotations For quotations using this term, see Citations:Fukien.
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Fukien

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Synonyms

Hypernyms

Hyponyms

Noun

Adjective

Further reading

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Noun

Adjective

Synonyms

Quotations