frustum

frustum

English

A frustum of a decagonal pyramid

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin frustum (“morsel”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

frustum (plural frustums or frusta)

1. A cone or pyramid whose tip has been truncated by a plane parallel to its base.
   • 1742, Colin MacLaurin, A Treatise of Fluxions, Volume 1, page 25,

     In a parabolic conoid this difference vaniſhes, the fruſtum being always equal to a cylinder of the ſame height upon the ſection of the conoid that biſects the altitude of the fruſtum and is parallel to its baſes.

   • 1809, William Nicholson, “FRUSTUM”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume III (E … I), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], OCLC 978021632:

     This theorem holds good for complete solids as well as frustums, whether right or oblique, and not only of the solids generated from the conic sections, but also of all pyramids, cones, and in short of any solid, whose parallel sections are similar figures.

   • 1974, Stanisław Lem, trans. Michael Kandel, The Cyberiad:

     Come, every frustum longs to be a cone,
     And every vector dreams of matrices.

   • 2006, Pawan Harish Nirnimesh, P. J. Narayanan, Culling an Object Hierarchy to a Frustum Hierarchy, Prem Kalra, Shmuel Peleg (editors), Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing: 5th Indian Conference, ICVGIP 2006, Springer, LNCS4338, page 252,

     However, when there are multiple view frustums (as in a tiled display wall), visibility culling time becomes substantial and cannot be hidden by pipelining it with other stages of rendering.

   • 2008, R. Benjamin Davis, Techniques to Assess Acoustic-structure Interaction in Liquid Rocket Engines, page 122,

     Here, the dynamics of the fluid-filled frusta of cones are considered (see Figure 5.5). The frusta are clamped at their roots and free at their ends.

2. A portion of a sphere, or in general any solid, delimited by two parallel planes.
   • 1840, James Blundell, Observations on Some of the More Important Diseases of Women, page 131,

     In some women it^{[the os uteri]} is flat, in many more tuberose, and forming, as it were, a frustum of a sphere; […] .

   • 2014, John Bird, Engineering Mathematics, page 183,

     Problem 22. Determine the volume of a frustum of a sphere of diameter 49.74 cm if the diameter^[sic] of the ends of the frustum are 24.0 and 40.0 cm, and the height of the frustum is 7.00 cm.

Usage notes

The misspelling frustrum is by incorrect analogy with frustrate, also of Latin origin.[1]

• (portion of a sphere): The portion of the surface of a sphere delimited by parallel planes (i.e., the curved surface of a frustum) may be called a zone; however, that term is also sometimes used as a synonym of frustum.

Derived terms

• bifrustum
• frustum culling
• view frustum
• viewing frustum

Related terms

• bifrustum
• frustoconical

Translations

truncated cone or pyramid

Bulgarian: пресечен конус m (presečen konus), пресечена пирамида f (presečena piramida) Catalan: tronc (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 平截頭體／平截头体 (píngjié tóutǐ) Esperanto: please add this translation if you can Finnish: katkaistu kartio French: tronc (fr) m Galician: tronco (gl) m German: (mathematics) (cone) Kegelstumpf (de) m, (mathematics) Stumpf (de) m, (computing, mathematics) (pyramid) Pyramidenstumpf (de) m Greek: (cone) κόλουρος κώνος m (kólouros kónos), (pyramid) κόλουρη πυραμίδα f (kólouri pyramída) Hindi: छिन्नक (hi) m (chinnak) Hungarian: csonka test (in general), csonka kúp (of a cone), csonka gúla (of a pyramid) Icelandic: stúfur m Italian: tronco (it) m Japanese: please add this translation if you can Maori: motuhanga pūtake Russian: усечённая пирами́да f (usečónnaja piramída) pyramid, усечённый ко́нус m (usečónnyj kónus) cone Spanish: tronco (es) m, tronco de geometría, tronco geométrico m Turkish: (mathematics) kesik koni

References

1. Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *frustom, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrus-tós, from *bʰrews- (“to break up, cut”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfruːs.tum/, [ˈfruːs̠t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfrus.tum/, [ˈfrust̪um]

Noun

frūstum n (genitive frūstī); second declension

1. a piece, bit; crumb, morsel, scrap of food

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	frūstum	frūsta
Genitive	frūstī	frūstōrum
Dative	frūstō	frūstīs
Accusative	frūstum	frūsta
Ablative	frūstō	frūstīs
Vocative	frūstum	frūsta

Synonyms

• (piece): fragmentum, segmentum
• (crumb): mīca

Derived terms

• frustulentus
• *frustiō

Descendants

• English: frustum
• Italian: frusta
• Spanish: frusto, frusta

References

• “frustum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “frustum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• frustum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)