froidir
French
Etymology
From Old French, from froid + -ir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʁwa.diʁ/, /fʁwɑ.diʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
froidir
- (archaic) to cool; to cool off; to cool down
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of froidir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | froidir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | froidissant /fʁwa.di.sɑ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | froidi /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | froidis /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidis /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidit /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidissons /fʁwa.di.sɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɔ̃/ | froidissez /fʁwa.di.se/ or /fʁwɑ.di.se/ | froidissent /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ |
imperfect | froidissais /fʁwa.di.sɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɛ/ | froidissais /fʁwa.di.sɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɛ/ | froidissait /fʁwa.di.sɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɛ/ | froidissions /fʁwa.di.sjɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sjɔ̃/ | froidissiez /fʁwa.di.sje/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sje/ | froidissaient /fʁwa.di.sɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | froidis /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidis /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidit /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidîmes /fʁwa.dim/ or /fʁwɑ.dim/ | froidîtes /fʁwa.dit/ or /fʁwɑ.dit/ | froidirent /fʁwa.diʁ/ or /fʁwɑ.diʁ/ | |
future | froidirai /fʁwa.di.ʁe/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁe/ | froidiras /fʁwa.di.ʁa/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁa/ | froidira /fʁwa.di.ʁa/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁa/ | froidirons /fʁwa.di.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁɔ̃/ | froidirez /fʁwa.di.ʁe/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁe/ | froidiront /fʁwa.di.ʁɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | froidirais /fʁwa.di.ʁɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁɛ/ | froidirais /fʁwa.di.ʁɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁɛ/ | froidirait /fʁwa.di.ʁɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁɛ/ | froidirions /fʁwa.di.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁjɔ̃/ | froidiriez /fʁwa.di.ʁje/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁje/ | froidiraient /fʁwa.di.ʁɛ/ or /fʁwɑ.di.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | froidisse /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ | froidisses /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ | froidisse /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ | froidissions /fʁwa.di.sjɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sjɔ̃/ | froidissiez /fʁwa.di.sje/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sje/ | froidissent /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ |
imperfect2 | froidisse /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ | froidisses /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ | froidît /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | froidissions /fʁwa.di.sjɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sjɔ̃/ | froidissiez /fʁwa.di.sje/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sje/ | froidissent /fʁwa.dis/ or /fʁwɑ.dis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | froidis /fʁwa.di/ or /fʁwɑ.di/ | — | froidissons /fʁwa.di.sɔ̃/ or /fʁwɑ.di.sɔ̃/ | froidissez /fʁwa.di.se/ or /fʁwɑ.di.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- refroidir
Further reading
- “froidir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
froit, froide + -ir
Verb
froidir
- to chill; to cool
- 12th Century, Béroul, Tristan et Iseut:
- Li cuer el ventre li froidis.
- His heart in his stomach chilled him.
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of froidir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | froidir | avoir froidi | |||||
gerund | en froidissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | froidissant | ||||||
past participle | froidi | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | froidis | froidis | froidist | froidissons | froidissez | froidissent |
imperfect | froidissoie, froidisseie | froidissoies, froidisseies | froidissoit, froidisseit | froidissiiens, froidissiens | froidissiiez, froidissiez | froidissoient, froidisseient | |
preterite | froidi | froidis | froidi | froidimes | froidistes | froidirent | |
future | froidirai | froidiras | froidira | froidirons | froidiroiz, froidireiz, froidirez | froidiront | |
conditional | froidiroie, froidireie | froidiroies, froidireies | froidiroit, froidireit | froidiriiens, froidiriens | froidiriiez, froidiriez | froidiroient, froidireient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | froidisse | froidisses | froidisse | froidissons | froidissez | froidissent |
imperfect | froidisse | froidisses | froidist | froidissons, froidissiens | froidissoiz, froidissez, froidissiez | froidissent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | froidis | — | froidissons | froidissez | — |