frisoirc
Old Irish
Etymology
From frith- + orcaid.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [fʲrʲisˈorʲɡʲ]
Verb
fris·oirc (verbal noun frithorcun)
- to hurt, to offend
- De Invidia, published in "An Irish Penitential", Ériu vol. 7, page 160, edited and with translations by Edward J. Gwynn
- Samlitir dano a aicneth ind formait consindiri fri aicneth teneth ar is besad in tineth is cuma loisces a mbis issa & huasa & inna erchomair immata samlaith a format is cummae fris·oirc dundi bes isliu bes huaisliu ⁊ bas cutruma combí náma da nach duiniu etir maith ⁊ saich etir cían ucus ocus.
- Now, the nature of envy, with malice, is likened to the nature of fire, because it is the way of fire that it burns indifferently what is above, below, and near it; so also envy assails indifferently those that are lower and those that are higher and those that are equal, so that it is an enemy to every man whether good, bad, near, or far.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 15a10
- fris·n-orr glosses inficere
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 63b17
- .i. na nní fris·oirc doib, fa·scannat hua adarcaib.
- Anything that offends them, they toss it with their horns.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 77a12
- Air du·roimnibetar mo popuil-se a rrecht dia n‑uilemarbae-siu a náimtea .i. mani bé nech fris·chomarr doïbsom ⁊ ⟨du⟩da·imchomarr dia chomalnad tri fochaidi ⁊ ingraimmen.
- For my peoples will forget their law if you sg kill all their enemies, i.e. if there is no one who will hurt them and constrain them to fulfill it through tribulations and persecutions.
- De Invidia, published in "An Irish Penitential", Ériu vol. 7, page 160, edited and with translations by Edward J. Gwynn
Inflection
Complex, class B I present, t preterite, s future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | fris·orcai | fris·oirc | fris·orcat | friss·orcar | ||||
| Prot. | frithorgat | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | fris·orcad | fris·oirctis | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | fris·ort | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | fris·comurt | fris·comart | fris·comartatar | fritum·chomart | ||||
| Prot. | ·frithchomart | ||||||||
| Future | Deut. | friss·iurr | fritamm·ior (with infixed pronoun dam-) | fris·errat, fris·iurat | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | fris·orr; fris·comarr (com-form) | fris·orrat | fris·orratar | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | fris·orrad | fris·orthe | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | fridoirced | frithorcaid | |||||||
| Verbal noun | frithorcun | ||||||||
| Past participle | frithortae | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| fris·oirc | unchanged | fris·n-oirc |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “frisoirc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 589