frendo
Latin
Alternative forms
- frendeō
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (“to crush; gnash”). Cognate with English grind, grin.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfren.doː/, [ˈfrɛn.doː]
Verb
frendō (present infinitive frendere, perfect active frenduī, supine fresum); third conjugation
- (intransitive, of teeth) I grind, gnash.
- (transitive) I crush or grind to pieces.
- (transitive) I lament over with rage, gnash the teeth.
Inflection
| Conjugation of frendo (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | frendō | frendis | frendit | frendimus | frenditis | frendunt |
| imperfect | frendēbam | frendēbās | frendēbat | frendēbāmus | frendēbātis | frendēbant | |
| future | frendam | frendēs | frendet | frendēmus | frendētis | frendent | |
| perfect | frenduī | frenduistī | frenduit | frenduimus | frenduistis | frenduērunt, frenduēre | |
| pluperfect | frendueram | frenduerās | frenduerat | frenduerāmus | frenduerātis | frenduerant | |
| future perfect | frenduerō | frendueris | frenduerit | frenduerimus | frendueritis | frenduerint | |
| passive | present | frendor | frenderis, frendere | frenditur | frendimur | frendiminī | frenduntur |
| imperfect | frendēbar | frendēbāris, frendēbāre | frendēbātur | frendēbāmur | frendēbāminī | frendēbantur | |
| future | frendar | frendēris, frendēre | frendētur | frendēmur | frendēminī | frendentur | |
| perfect | fresus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | fresus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | fresus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | frendam | frendās | frendat | frendāmus | frendātis | frendant |
| imperfect | frenderem | frenderēs | frenderet | frenderēmus | frenderētis | frenderent | |
| perfect | frenduerim | frenduerīs | frenduerit | frenduerimus | frendueritis | frenduerint | |
| pluperfect | frenduissem | frenduissēs | frenduisset | frenduissēmus | frenduissētis | frenduissent | |
| passive | present | frendar | frendāris, frendāre | frendātur | frendāmur | frendāminī | frendantur |
| imperfect | frenderer | frenderēris, frenderēre | frenderētur | frenderēmur | frenderēminī | frenderentur | |
| perfect | fresus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | fresus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | frende | — | — | frendite | — |
| future | — | frenditō | frenditō | — | frenditōte | frenduntō | |
| passive | present | — | frendere | — | — | frendiminī | — |
| future | — | frenditor | frenditor | — | — | frenduntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | frendere | frenduisse | fresūrus esse | frendī | fresus esse | fresum īrī | |
| participles | frendēns | — | fresūrus | — | fresus | frendendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| nominative | genitive | dative/ablative | accusative | accusative | ablative | ||
| frendere | frendendī | frendendō | frendendum | fresum | fresū | ||
Derived terms
- frendēscō
- frendor
- *frēsare (Vulgar Latin)
Descendants
- Catalan: fresar, fresa (possibly)
- Spanish: fresar, fresa (possibly)
References
- frendo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- frendo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- frendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN