frenar
Catalan
Etymology
From fre (“brake”); only attested circa 1900[1]. Cf. also Latin freno, frenare.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /fɾəˈna/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /fɾeˈnaɾ/
- Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
frenar (first-person singular present freno, past participle frenat)
- to brake
- to curb, restrain
Conjugation
Conjugation of frenar (first conjugation)
infinitive | frenar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | frenant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | frenat | frenada | |||||
plural | frenats | frenades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | freno | frenes | frena | frenem | freneu | frenen | |
imperfect | frenava | frenaves | frenava | frenàvem | frenàveu | frenaven | |
future | frenaré | frenaràs | frenarà | frenarem | frenareu | frenaran | |
preterite | frení | frenares | frenà | frenàrem | frenàreu | frenaren | |
conditional | frenaria | frenaries | frenaria | frenaríem | frenaríeu | frenarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
present | freni | frenis | freni | frenem | freneu | frenin | |
imperfect | frenés | frenessis | frenés | frenéssim | frenéssiu | frenessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
— | frena | freni | frenem | freneu | frenin |
Related terms
- fre
References
- “frenar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
Further reading
- “frenar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “frenar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “frenar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Spanish
Etymology
Possibly from Latin frēnāre, present active infinitive of frēnō, but more likely derived later in Spanish from freno, and first attested 1591[1]. Cf. also enfrenar and refrenar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɾeˈnaɾ/ [fɾeˈnaɾ]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: fre‧nar
Verb
frenar (first-person singular present freno, first-person singular preterite frené, past participle frenado)
- (transitive) to brake (a vehicle)
- (transitive) to restrain
Conjugation
Conjugation of frenar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | frenar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | frenando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | frenado | frenada | |||||
plural | frenados | frenadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | freno | frenastú frenásvos | frena | frenamos | frenáis | frenan | |
imperfect | frenaba | frenabas | frenaba | frenábamos | frenabais | frenaban | |
preterite | frené | frenaste | frenó | frenamos | frenasteis | frenaron | |
future | frenaré | frenarás | frenará | frenaremos | frenaréis | frenarán | |
conditional | frenaría | frenarías | frenaría | frenaríamos | frenaríais | frenarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | frene | frenestú frenésvos2 | frene | frenemos | frenéis | frenen | |
imperfect (ra) | frenara | frenaras | frenara | frenáramos | frenarais | frenaran | |
imperfect (se) | frenase | frenases | frenase | frenásemos | frenaseis | frenasen | |
future1 | frenare | frenares | frenare | frenáremos | frenareis | frenaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | frenatú frenávos | frene | frenemos | frenad | frenen | ||
negative | no frenes | no frene | no frenemos | no frenéis | no frenen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of frenar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive frenar | |||||||
dative | frenarme | frenarte | frenarle, frenarse | frenarnos | frenaros | frenarles, frenarse | |
accusative | frenarme | frenarte | frenarlo, frenarla, frenarse | frenarnos | frenaros | frenarlos, frenarlas, frenarse | |
with gerund frenando | |||||||
dative | frenándome | frenándote | frenándole, frenándose | frenándonos | frenándoos | frenándoles, frenándose | |
accusative | frenándome | frenándote | frenándolo, frenándola, frenándose | frenándonos | frenándoos | frenándolos, frenándolas, frenándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative frena | |||||||
dative | fréname | frénate | frénale | frénanos | not used | frénales | |
accusative | fréname | frénate | frénalo, frénala | frénanos | not used | frénalos, frénalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative frená | |||||||
dative | frename | frenate | frenale | frenanos | not used | frenales | |
accusative | frename | frenate | frenalo, frenala | frenanos | not used | frenalos, frenalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative frene | |||||||
dative | fréneme | not used | frénele, frénese | frénenos | not used | fréneles | |
accusative | fréneme | not used | frénelo, frénela, frénese | frénenos | not used | frénelos, frénelas | |
with first-person plural imperative frenemos | |||||||
dative | not used | frenémoste | frenémosle | frenémonos | frenémoos | frenémosles | |
accusative | not used | frenémoste | frenémoslo, frenémosla | frenémonos | frenémoos | frenémoslos, frenémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative frenad | |||||||
dative | frenadme | not used | frenadle | frenadnos | frenaos | frenadles | |
accusative | frenadme | not used | frenadlo, frenadla | frenadnos | frenaos | frenadlos, frenadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative frenen | |||||||
dative | frénenme | not used | frénenle | frénennos | not used | frénenles, frénense | |
accusative | frénenme | not used | frénenlo, frénenla | frénennos | not used | frénenlos, frénenlas, frénense |
Derived terms
- frenada
- frenado
- frenaje
- frenazo
Related terms
- enfrenar
- freno
- refrenar
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “frenar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014