fouir
French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *fodīre, from Latin fodere, present active infinitive of fodiō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fwiʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
fouir
- (transitive) to dig, grub, burrow
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | fouir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | fouissant /fwi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | foui /fwi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | fouis /fwi/ | fouis /fwi/ | fouit /fwi/ | fouissons /fwi.sɔ̃/ | fouissez /fwi.se/ | fouissent /fwis/ |
imperfect | fouissais /fwi.sɛ/ | fouissais /fwi.sɛ/ | fouissait /fwi.sɛ/ | fouissions /fwi.sjɔ̃/ | fouissiez /fwi.sje/ | fouissaient /fwi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | fouis /fwi/ | fouis /fwi/ | fouit /fwi/ | fouîmes /fwim/ | fouîtes /fwit/ | fouirent /fwiʁ/ | |
future | fouirai /fwi.ʁe/ | fouiras /fwi.ʁa/ | fouira /fwi.ʁa/ | fouirons /fwi.ʁɔ̃/ | fouirez /fwi.ʁe/ | fouiront /fwi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | fouirais /fwi.ʁɛ/ | fouirais /fwi.ʁɛ/ | fouirait /fwi.ʁɛ/ | fouirions /fwi.ʁjɔ̃/ | fouiriez /fwi.ʁje/ | fouiraient /fwi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | fouisse /fwis/ | fouisses /fwis/ | fouisse /fwis/ | fouissions /fwi.sjɔ̃/ | fouissiez /fwi.sje/ | fouissent /fwis/ |
imperfect2 | fouisse /fwis/ | fouisses /fwis/ | fouît /fwi/ | fouissions /fwi.sjɔ̃/ | fouissiez /fwi.sje/ | fouissent /fwis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | fouis /fwi/ | — | fouissons /fwi.sɔ̃/ | fouissez /fwi.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
- enfouir
Further reading
- “fouir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *fodīre, from Latin fodere, present active infinitive of fodiō.
Verb
fouir
- Alternative form of foïr
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group or second-group verb (ending in -ir, without or with an -iss- infix). This verb has a distinct stressed present stem, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | fouir | avoir fouï | |||||
gerund | en fouant, fouïssant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | fouant, fouïssant | ||||||
past participle | fouï | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | fue, fouïs | fues, fouïs | fuet, fouïst | fouons, fouïssons | fouez, fouïssez | fueent, fouïssent |
imperfect | fouoie, foueie, fouïssoie, fouïsseie | fouoies, foueies, fouïssoies, fouïsseies | fouoit, foueit, fouïssoit, fouïsseit | fouïiens, fouïens, fouïssiiens, fouïssiens | fouïiez, fouïez, fouïssiiez, fouïssiez | fouoient, foueient, fouïssoient, fouïsseient | |
preterite | fouï | fouïs | fouï | fouïmes | fouïstes | fouïrent | |
future | fourrai, fouïrai | fourras, fouïras | fourra, fouïra | fourrons, fouïrons | fourroiz, fourreiz, fourrez, fouïroiz, fouïreiz, fouïrez | fourront, fouïront | |
conditional | fourroie, fourreie, fouïroie, fouïreie | fourroies, fourreies, fouïroies, fouïreies | fourroit, fourreit, fouïroit, fouïreit | fourriiens, fourriens, fouïriiens, fouïriens | fourriiez, fourriez, fouïriiez, fouïriez | fourroient, fourreient, fouïroient, fouïreient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | fuee, fouïsse | fuees, fouïsses | fuee, fouïsse | fouons, fouïssons | fouez, fouïssez | fueent, fouïssent |
imperfect | fouïsse | fouïsses | fouïst | fouïssons, fouïssiens | fouïssoiz, fouïssez, fouïssiez | fouïssent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | fue, fouïs | — | fouons, fouïssons | fouez, fouïssez | — |
Further reading
- “fouir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.