fortis
See also: Fortis
English
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and forte.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfɔː(ɹ)tɪs/
Adjective
fortis (not comparable)
- (phonetics) Strongly articulated (of a consonant), hence voiceless.
- Synonym: tense
- Antonym: lenis
- 2004, Stephan Gramley; Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:
- All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).
Noun
fortis (plural fortes)
- (phonetics) A fortis consonant.
Derived terms
- pre-fortis
See also
- aqua fortis
Latin
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *forktis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”).
Alternative forms
- forctis, forctus (Early Latin)
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfor.tis/, [ˈfɔrt̪ɪs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfor.tis/, [ˈfɔrt̪is]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Adjective
fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective
- (physically) strong, powerful
- Synonyms: praevalēns, potis, potēns, validus, strēnuus, ingēns, firmus, compos
- Antonyms: dēbilis, languidus, aeger, fractus, īnfirmus, tenuis, obnoxius, inops
- (figuratively), firm, resolute, steadfast, stout
- Synonyms: fīxus, tenāx, inexōrābilis, obstinātus
- (figuratively), courageous, brave
- Antonym: imbēcillus
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.493-494:
- omne solum fortī patria est, ut piscibus aequor,
ut volucrī, vacuō quicquid in orbe patet.- Every land is home to the brave, as to fishes the sea,
as to birds for every void whatsoever in the open world.
- Every land is home to the brave, as to fishes the sea,
- omne solum fortī patria est, ut piscibus aequor,
- (figuratively), manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος) (clarification of this definition is needed)
Declension
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | fortis | forte | fortēs | fortia | |
Genitive | fortis | fortium | |||
Dative | fortī | fortibus | |||
Accusative | fortem | forte | fortēs fortīs | fortia | |
Ablative | fortī | fortibus | |||
Vocative | fortis | forte | fortēs | fortia |
Derived terms
- ā fortiōrī
- forticulus
- fortificātiō
- fortificō
- fortiter
- fortitūdō
Descendants
Descendants
- Aragonese: fuerte
- Asturian: fuerte
- Basque: bortitz
- Catalan: fort
- Dalmatian: fuart
- French: fort
- → English: fort
- Friulian: fuart
- Galician: forte
- Italian: forte
- → English: forte
- Occitan: fòrt
- Portuguese: forte, força
- Romanian: foarte
- Sardinian: folte, forte, forti
- Sicilian: forti
- Spanish: fuerte
- → Albanian: fortë
- → Basque: bortitz
- → English: fortis
- → Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
fortis
- genitive singular of fors
Further reading
- “fortis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fortis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- fortis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- fortis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- be brave: fortem te praebe
- (ambiguous) quite accidentally, fortuitously: temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere
- (ambiguous) to be brave by nature: animo forti esse
- (ambiguous) personally brave: manu fortis
- be brave: fortem te praebe