forcer
English
Rhubarb forcers in a restaurant vegetable garden
Etymology
force + -er
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)sə(ɹ)
Noun
forcer (plural forcers)
- agent noun of force
- The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.
- A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.
- A bell-shaped lidded pot for growing rhubarb, used to limit photosynthesis by excluding light, encouraging early-season growth and blanched stems.
Related terms
- brute-forcer
French
Etymology
From Old French forcier, from Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, a verb based on Late Latin fortia, a noun based on Latin fortis (“strong”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɔʁ.se/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Homophones: forçai, forcé, forcée, forcées, forcés, forcez
Verb
forcer
- to force
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of forcer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | forcer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | forçant /fɔʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | forcé /fɔʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | force /fɔʁs/ | forces /fɔʁs/ | force /fɔʁs/ | forçons /fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ | forcez /fɔʁ.se/ | forcent /fɔʁs/ |
| imperfect | forçais /fɔʁ.sɛ/ | forçais /fɔʁ.sɛ/ | forçait /fɔʁ.sɛ/ | forcions /fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ | forciez /fɔʁ.sje/ | forçaient /fɔʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | forçai /fɔʁ.se/ | forças /fɔʁ.sa/ | força /fɔʁ.sa/ | forçâmes /fɔʁ.sam/ | forçâtes /fɔʁ.sat/ | forcèrent /fɔʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | forcerai /fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ | forceras /fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ | forcera /fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ | forcerons /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | forcerez /fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ | forceront /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | forcerais /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | forcerais /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | forcerait /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | forcerions /fɔʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ | forceriez /fɔʁ.sə.ʁje/ | forceraient /fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | force /fɔʁs/ | forces /fɔʁs/ | force /fɔʁs/ | forcions /fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ | forciez /fɔʁ.sje/ | forcent /fɔʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | forçasse /fɔʁ.sas/ | forçasses /fɔʁ.sas/ | forçât /fɔʁ.sa/ | forçassions /fɔʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ | forçassiez /fɔʁ.sa.sje/ | forçassent /fɔʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | force /fɔʁs/ | — | forçons /fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ | forcez /fɔʁ.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- forcer la main
- forcer le trait
- forceur
- marche forcée
- travaux forcés
Further reading
- “forcer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.