folium

English

Etymology

From Latin folium (“leaf”). Doublet of foil and folio, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.

Noun

folium (countable and uncountable, plural foliums or folia)

A leaf, especially a thin leaf or plate.
(geometry) A curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite branches having a common asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop.
(uncountable) Synonym of turnsole (“purple dye”)

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for folium in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913)

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”), from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”), exact cognate of Ancient Greek φῠ́λλον (phúllon). Alternatively from *dʰolyom (*dʰelh₁- (“be green”)), whence Welsh dail and Middle Irish duille.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfo.li.um/, [ˈfɔlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfo.li.um/, [ˈfɔːlium]

Noun

folium n (genitive foliī or folī); second declension

a leaf (including a conifer's needle)
- 79 AD, Pliny the Elder, “chapter 16”, in Naturalis Historia, book 16:
  Ex his pinus atque pinaster folium habent capillamenti modo praetenue longumque et mucrone aculeatum.
  Of these, the pine and wild pine have a leaf [that is] very thin and long, in the manner of hair, and tipped with a sharp point.
a petal
(Late Latin) a sheet or leaf of paper
(figuratively) trifle, thing of no consequence

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	folium	folia
Genitive	foliī folī¹	foliōrum
Dative	foliō	foliīs
Accusative	folium	folia
Ablative	foliō	foliīs
Vocative	folium	folia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

acrifolius
aquifolius
exfoliāris
folia
foliāceus
foliamen (Mediaeval)
foliātum
foliātus
foliōsus
latifolius

Related terms

foliātilis
foliātūra

Descendants

Aragonese: fuella
Aromanian: foalji
Asturian: fueya
Catalan: full, fulla; → foli
Dalmatian: fualja
→ English: folio, folium (learned)
Franco-Provençal: fôlye
Old French: fueille (see there for further descendants)
→ French: folio
Galician: folla
Istro-Romanian: foľe
Italian: foglia, foglio
Neapolitan: fuoglio
Norman: fielle
Northern Italo-Romance:
- Friulian: fuee
- Piedmontese: feuj
- Romagnol: fój (Central Romagnol)
- Romansch: fegl, figl, föglia
- Venetian: fogia, foja, fogio, fojo
Occitan: fuèlh, fuèlha, huelha
Portuguese: folha, folho; → fólio
Romanian: foaie; → foliu
Sardinian: fógiu, fògia, folla, foza
Sicilian: fogghia, fogghiu
Spanish: hoja; → folio
Walloon: foye

References

“fŏlĭum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“folium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
folium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
fŏlĭum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 678/1
“folium” on page 719/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “folium”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 439/2

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin folium.

Noun

folium n (plural foliumuri)

(geometry) folium

Declension

Declension of folium

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) folium	foliumul	(niște) foliumuri	foliumurile
genitive/dative	(unui) folium	foliumului	(unor) foliumuri	foliumurilor
vocative	foliumule		foliumurilor

References

folium in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN