folc
See also: Folc and FoLC
Catalan
Alternative forms
- folcat
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *folk (“people, tribe”), perhaps via a Vulgar Latin fulcus. Compare Old French foulc (Modern French foule).
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈfolk/
Noun
folc m (plural folcs)
- herd, flock
- Synonym: ramat
Further reading
- “folc” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Friulian
Etymology
From Latin fulgur.
Noun
folc m
- thunderbolt
- Synonyms: saete, sfulmin
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish folc (“heavy rain, wet weather”).
Noun
folc f (genitive singular foilce, nominative plural folca)
- downpour, flood
Declension
Declension of folc
Second declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- folcmhar (“pouring, torrential”, adjective)
Etymology 2
From Old Irish folcaid (“washes”). Cognate with Welsh golchi, Cornish golhi, Breton gwalc'hiñ.
Verb
folc (present analytic folcann, future analytic folcfaidh, verbal noun folcadh, past participle folctha)
- (transitive) bathe
- (transitive) wash
- (transitive) immerse, submerge, drench
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | folcaim | folcann tú; folcair† | folcann sé, sí | folcaimid | folcann sibh | folcann siad; folcaid† | a fholcann; a fholcas / a bhfolcann*; a bhfolcas* | folctar |
| past | d'fholc mé; d'fholcas / fholc mé‡; fholcas‡ | d'fholc tú; d'fholcais / fholc tú; fholcais‡ | d'fholc sé, sí / fholc sé, sí‡ | d'fholcamar; d'fholc muid / fholcamar; fholc muid‡ | d'fholc sibh; d'fholcabhair / fholc sibh; fholcabhair‡ | d'fholc siad; d'fholcadar / fholc siad; fholcadar‡ | a d'fholc / ar fholc* | folcadh | |
| past habitual | d'fholcainn / fholcainn‡; bhfolcainn‡‡ | d'fholctá / fholctá‡; bhfolctᇇ | d'fholcadh sé, sí / fholcadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcadh sé, s퇇 | d'fholcaimis; d'fholcadh muid / fholcaimis; fholcadh muid‡; bhfolcaimis‡‡; bhfolcadh muid‡‡ | d'fholcadh sibh / fholcadh sibh‡; bhfolcadh sibh‡‡ | d'fholcaidís; d'fholcadh siad / fholcaidís; fholcadh siad‡; bhfolcaidís‡‡; bhfolcadh siad‡‡ | a d'fholcadh / a bhfolcadh* | d'fholctaí / fholctaí‡; bhfolcta퇇 | |
| future | folcfaidh mé; folcfad | folcfaidh tú; folcfair† | folcfaidh sé, sí | folcfaimid; folcfaidh muid | folcfaidh sibh | folcfaidh siad; folcfaid† | a fholcfaidh; a fholcfas / a bhfolcfaidh*; a bhfolcfas* | folcfar | |
| conditional | d'fholcfainn / fholcfainn‡; bhfolcfainn‡‡ | d'fholcfá / fholcfá‡; bhfolcfᇇ | d'fholcfadh sé, sí / fholcfadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcfadh sé, s퇇 | d'fholcfaimis; d'fholcfadh muid / fholcfaimis‡; fholcfadh muid‡; bhfolcfaimis‡‡; bhfolcfadh muid‡‡ | d'fholcfadh sibh / fholcfadh sibh‡; bhfolcfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fholcfaidís; d'fholcfadh siad / fholcfaidís‡; fholcfadh siad‡; bhfolcfaidís‡‡; bhfolcfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fholcfadh / a bhfolcfadh* | d'fholcfaí / fholcfaí‡; bhfolcfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfolca mé; go bhfolcad† | go bhfolca tú; go bhfolcair† | go bhfolca sé, sí | go bhfolcaimid; go bhfolca muid | go bhfolca sibh | go bhfolca siad; go bhfolcaid† | — | go bhfolctar |
| past | dá bhfolcainn | dá bhfolctá | dá bhfolcadh sé, sí | dá bhfolcaimis; dá bhfolcadh muid | dá bhfolcadh sibh | dá bhfolcaidís; dá bhfolcadh siad | — | dá bhfolctaí | |
| imperative | folcaim | folc | folcadh sé, sí | folcaimis | folcaigí; folcaidh† | folcaidís | — | folctar | |
| verbal noun | folcadh | ||||||||
| past participle | folctha | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms
- folcadán (“bath”)
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| folc | fholc | bhfolc |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “folc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “folc” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “folc” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Middle English
Noun
folc
- (chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of folk
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.
Noun
folc n
- people, folk
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: volc
- Dutch: volk
- Afrikaans: volk
- Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk
- → Sranan Tongo: folku
- Limburgish: vouk
- Dutch: volk
Further reading
- “folk”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *fulką (“people”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /folk/, [foɫk]
Noun
folc n
- the people, especially the common people
- Lēodhatan frēoġaþ hīe selfe, ac hīe ġeþēowiaþ þæt folc.
- Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.
- a people, nation, or tribe
- "Iūdēum þyncþ þæt hīe sīen Godes ġecorene folc." "Hwā ne dēþ?"
- "The Jews think they're God's chosen people." "Who doesn't?"
- crowd
- (in the singular or plural) people (multiple individuals)
- military, army; troop
- (in compounds) popular
- (in compounds) public, common
- (in compounds) country, rural
Declension
Declension of folc (strong a-stem)
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | folc | folc |
| accusative | folc | folc |
| genitive | folces | folca |
| dative | folce | folcum |
Derived terms
- folcġerēfa
- folcland
- folclīċ
- folcmōt
- folcryht
- folcsæl
- folcscaru
- folcstede
Descendants
- Middle English: folk, folke, foolk, fok, folck, folc, follc, volk
- English: folk
- Scots: fowk
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *wolkos, from a devoiced variant of Proto-Indo-European *welg-.[1]
Noun
folc m
- wet weather, heavy rain
Inflection
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | folc | folcL | foilcL |
| Vocative | foilc | folcL | folcuH |
| Accusative | folcN | folcL | folcuH |
| Genitive | foilcL | folc | folcN |
| Dative | folcL | folcaib | folcaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: folc
- Irish: folc
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| folc | ḟolc | folc pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*wolko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 437
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 folc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Saxon
Noun
folc n
- Alternative spelling of folk