foedus
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfoe̯.dus/, [ˈfoe̯d̪ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfe.dus/, [ˈfɛːd̪us]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *feiðos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-os, from *bʰeydʰ-. Same root as fīdō, fidēs, fīdus, and Proto-Germanic *bīdaną. Perhaps a corruption from an o-stem.
Noun
foedus n (genitive foederis); third declension
- treaty, agreement, contract
- Synonym: conventum
- Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 1:
- Inde foedus ictum inter duces
- Then a treaty being made between the commanders
- Inde foedus ictum inter duces
- league
- pact, compact
- (biblical) covenant
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | foedus | foedera |
| Genitive | foederis | foederum |
| Dative | foederī | foederibus |
| Accusative | foedus | foedera |
| Ablative | foedere | foederibus |
| Vocative | foedus | foedera |
Derived terms
- confoedustus
- foederātus
- foederō
- foedifragus
Descendants
- ⇒ English: federal, foedus rerum
- ⇒ French: fédéral, fédérale
- ⇒ Spanish: federal
- ⇒ Portuguese: federal
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to frighten; be afraid”).
Adjective
foedus (feminine foeda, neuter foedum, comparative foedior, superlative foedissimus, adverb foedē); first/second-declension adjective
- (physically) filthy, foul, disgusting, loathsome, ugly, unseemly, detestable, abominable, horrible
- Synonym: nefandus
- (mentally) disgraceful, vile, obscene, base, dishonorable, shameful, infamous, foul
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | foedus | foeda | foedum | foedī | foedae | foeda | |
| Genitive | foedī | foedae | foedī | foedōrum | foedārum | foedōrum | |
| Dative | foedō | foedō | foedīs | ||||
| Accusative | foedum | foedam | foedum | foedōs | foedās | foeda | |
| Ablative | foedō | foedā | foedō | foedīs | |||
| Vocative | foede | foeda | foedum | foedī | foedae | foeda | |
Derived terms
- foeditās
- foedo
Descendants
- Asturian: feu
- Italian: fedo
- Old Portuguese: feo
- Galician: feo
- Portuguese: feio
- Spanish: feo
References
- “foedus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “foedus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- foedus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- foedus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
- to violate a treaty, terms of alliance: foedus frangere, rumpere, violare
- (ambiguous) according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere
- to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
- “foedus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “foedus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin