fluctuer
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin fluctuo, fluctuare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /flyk.tɥe/
Audio (file)
Verb
fluctuer
- to fluctuate (to vary irregularly; to swing)
Conjugation
Conjugation of fluctuer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | fluctuer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | fluctuant /flyk.tɥɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | fluctué /flyk.tɥe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | fluctue /flyk.ty/ | fluctues /flyk.ty/ | fluctue /flyk.ty/ | fluctuons /flyk.tɥɔ̃/ | fluctuez /flyk.tɥe/ | fluctuent /flyk.ty/ |
imperfect | fluctuais /flyk.tɥɛ/ | fluctuais /flyk.tɥɛ/ | fluctuait /flyk.tɥɛ/ | fluctuions /flyk.ty.jɔ̃/ | fluctuiez /flyk.ty.je/ | fluctuaient /flyk.tɥɛ/ | |
past historic2 | fluctuai /flyk.tɥe/ | fluctuas /flyk.tɥa/ | fluctua /flyk.tɥa/ | fluctuâmes /flyk.tɥam/ | fluctuâtes /flyk.tɥat/ | fluctuèrent /flyk.tɥɛʁ/ | |
future | fluctuerai /flyk.ty.ʁe/ | fluctueras /flyk.ty.ʁa/ | fluctuera /flyk.ty.ʁa/ | fluctuerons /flyk.ty.ʁɔ̃/ | fluctuerez /flyk.ty.ʁe/ | fluctueront /flyk.ty.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | fluctuerais /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ | fluctuerais /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ | fluctuerait /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ | fluctuerions /flyk.ty.ʁjɔ̃/ | fluctueriez /flyk.ty.ʁje/ | fluctueraient /flyk.ty.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | fluctue /flyk.ty/ | fluctues /flyk.ty/ | fluctue /flyk.ty/ | fluctuions /flyk.ty.jɔ̃/ | fluctuiez /flyk.ty.je/ | fluctuent /flyk.ty/ |
imperfect2 | fluctuasse /flyk.tɥas/ | fluctuasses /flyk.tɥas/ | fluctuât /flyk.tɥa/ | fluctuassions /flyk.tɥa.sjɔ̃/ | fluctuassiez /flyk.tɥa.sje/ | fluctuassent /flyk.tɥas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | fluctue /flyk.ty/ | — | fluctuons /flyk.tɥɔ̃/ | fluctuez /flyk.tɥe/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
- fluctuation
Further reading
- “fluctuer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Verb
flūctuer
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of flūctuō