fliuch
Irish
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /fʲlʲɯx/
- (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /fʲlʲɔx/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /fʲlʲɨ̞x/, /fʲlʲʌx/, /fʲlʲʊx/, /fʲlʲɔx/[1]
Etymology 1
From Old Irish fliuch, from Proto-Celtic *wlikʷos (compare Welsh gwlyb, Cornish glyb), from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (compare Latin liquō (“melt”), Tocharian A lyīktsi (“to wash”)).
Adjective
fliuch (genitive singular masculine fliuch, genitive singular feminine fliche, plural fliucha, comparative fliche)
- wet
Declension
Declension of fliuch
| Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | fliuch | fhliuch | fliucha; fhliucha² | |
| Vocative | fhliuch | fliucha | ||
| Genitive | fliche | fliucha | fliuch | |
| Dative | fliuch; fhliuch¹ | fhliuch | fliucha; fhliucha² | |
| Comparative | níos fliche | |||
| Superlative | is fliche | |||
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
- Alternative vocative/genitive singular masculine and archaic dative singular feminine form: flich
Derived terms
- barrfhliuch (“wet on the surface”, adjective)
Verb
fliuch (present analytic fliuchann, future analytic fliuchfaidh, verbal noun fliuchadh, past participle fliuchta)
- (intransitive) get or become wet
- (transitive) make wet
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | fliuchaim | fliuchann tú; fliuchair† | fliuchann sé, sí | fliuchaimid | fliuchann sibh | fliuchann siad; fliuchaid† | a fhliuchann; a fhliuchas / a bhfliuchann*; a bhfliuchas* | fliuchtar |
| past | d'fhliuch mé; d'fhliuchas / fhliuch mé‡; fhliuchas‡ | d'fhliuch tú; d'fhliuchais / fhliuch tú; fhliuchais‡ | d'fhliuch sé, sí / fhliuch sé, sí‡ | d'fhliuchamar; d'fhliuch muid / fhliuchamar; fhliuch muid‡ | d'fhliuch sibh; d'fhliuchabhair / fhliuch sibh; fhliuchabhair‡ | d'fhliuch siad; d'fhliuchadar / fhliuch siad; fhliuchadar‡ | a d'fhliuch / ar fhliuch* | fliuchadh | |
| past habitual | d'fhliuchainn / fhliuchainn‡; bhfliuchainn‡‡ | d'fhliuchtá / fhliuchtá‡; bhfliuchtᇇ | d'fhliuchadh sé, sí / fhliuchadh sé, sí‡; bhfliuchadh sé, s퇇 | d'fhliuchaimis; d'fhliuchadh muid / fhliuchaimis; fhliuchadh muid‡; bhfliuchaimis‡‡; bhfliuchadh muid‡‡ | d'fhliuchadh sibh / fhliuchadh sibh‡; bhfliuchadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhliuchaidís; d'fhliuchadh siad / fhliuchaidís; fhliuchadh siad‡; bhfliuchaidís‡‡; bhfliuchadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhliuchadh / a bhfliuchadh* | d'fhliuchtaí / fhliuchtaí‡; bhfliuchta퇇 | |
| future | fliuchfaidh mé; fliuchfad | fliuchfaidh tú; fliuchfair† | fliuchfaidh sé, sí | fliuchfaimid; fliuchfaidh muid | fliuchfaidh sibh | fliuchfaidh siad; fliuchfaid† | a fhliuchfaidh; a fhliuchfas / a bhfliuchfaidh*; a bhfliuchfas* | fliuchfar | |
| conditional | d'fhliuchfainn / fhliuchfainn‡; bhfliuchfainn‡‡ | d'fhliuchfá / fhliuchfá‡; bhfliuchfᇇ | d'fhliuchfadh sé, sí / fhliuchfadh sé, sí‡; bhfliuchfadh sé, s퇇 | d'fhliuchfaimis; d'fhliuchfadh muid / fhliuchfaimis‡; fhliuchfadh muid‡; bhfliuchfaimis‡‡; bhfliuchfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhliuchfadh sibh / fhliuchfadh sibh‡; bhfliuchfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhliuchfaidís; d'fhliuchfadh siad / fhliuchfaidís‡; fhliuchfadh siad‡; bhfliuchfaidís‡‡; bhfliuchfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhliuchfadh / a bhfliuchfadh* | d'fhliuchfaí / fhliuchfaí‡; bhfliuchfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfliucha mé; go bhfliuchad† | go bhfliucha tú; go bhfliuchair† | go bhfliucha sé, sí | go bhfliuchaimid; go bhfliucha muid | go bhfliucha sibh | go bhfliucha siad; go bhfliuchaid† | — | go bhfliuchtar |
| past | dá bhfliuchainn | dá bhfliuchtá | dá bhfliuchadh sé, sí | dá bhfliuchaimis; dá bhfliuchadh muid | dá bhfliuchadh sibh | dá bhfliuchaidís; dá bhfliuchadh siad | — | dá bhfliuchtaí | |
| imperative | fliuchaim | fliuch | fliuchadh sé, sí | fliuchaimis | fliuchaigí; fliuchaidh† | fliuchaidís | — | fliuchtar | |
| verbal noun | fliuchadh | ||||||||
| past participle | fliuchta | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms
- do phíobán a fhliuchadh (“to wet one’s whistle”)
Etymology 2
See fiuch.
Verb
fliuch (present analytic fliuchann, future analytic fliuchfaidh, verbal noun fliuchadh, past participle fliuchta)
- (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of fiuch (“boil”)
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | fliuchaim | fliuchann tú; fliuchair† | fliuchann sé, sí | fliuchaimid | fliuchann sibh | fliuchann siad; fliuchaid† | a fhliuchann; a fhliuchas / a bhfliuchann*; a bhfliuchas* | fliuchtar |
| past | d'fhliuch mé; d'fhliuchas / fhliuch mé‡; fhliuchas‡ | d'fhliuch tú; d'fhliuchais / fhliuch tú; fhliuchais‡ | d'fhliuch sé, sí / fhliuch sé, sí‡ | d'fhliuchamar; d'fhliuch muid / fhliuchamar; fhliuch muid‡ | d'fhliuch sibh; d'fhliuchabhair / fhliuch sibh; fhliuchabhair‡ | d'fhliuch siad; d'fhliuchadar / fhliuch siad; fhliuchadar‡ | a d'fhliuch / ar fhliuch* | fliuchadh | |
| past habitual | d'fhliuchainn / fhliuchainn‡; bhfliuchainn‡‡ | d'fhliuchtá / fhliuchtá‡; bhfliuchtᇇ | d'fhliuchadh sé, sí / fhliuchadh sé, sí‡; bhfliuchadh sé, s퇇 | d'fhliuchaimis; d'fhliuchadh muid / fhliuchaimis; fhliuchadh muid‡; bhfliuchaimis‡‡; bhfliuchadh muid‡‡ | d'fhliuchadh sibh / fhliuchadh sibh‡; bhfliuchadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhliuchaidís; d'fhliuchadh siad / fhliuchaidís; fhliuchadh siad‡; bhfliuchaidís‡‡; bhfliuchadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhliuchadh / a bhfliuchadh* | d'fhliuchtaí / fhliuchtaí‡; bhfliuchta퇇 | |
| future | fliuchfaidh mé; fliuchfad | fliuchfaidh tú; fliuchfair† | fliuchfaidh sé, sí | fliuchfaimid; fliuchfaidh muid | fliuchfaidh sibh | fliuchfaidh siad; fliuchfaid† | a fhliuchfaidh; a fhliuchfas / a bhfliuchfaidh*; a bhfliuchfas* | fliuchfar | |
| conditional | d'fhliuchfainn / fhliuchfainn‡; bhfliuchfainn‡‡ | d'fhliuchfá / fhliuchfá‡; bhfliuchfᇇ | d'fhliuchfadh sé, sí / fhliuchfadh sé, sí‡; bhfliuchfadh sé, s퇇 | d'fhliuchfaimis; d'fhliuchfadh muid / fhliuchfaimis‡; fhliuchfadh muid‡; bhfliuchfaimis‡‡; bhfliuchfadh muid‡‡ | d'fhliuchfadh sibh / fhliuchfadh sibh‡; bhfliuchfadh sibh‡‡ | d'fhliuchfaidís; d'fhliuchfadh siad / fhliuchfaidís‡; fhliuchfadh siad‡; bhfliuchfaidís‡‡; bhfliuchfadh siad‡‡ | a d'fhliuchfadh / a bhfliuchfadh* | d'fhliuchfaí / fhliuchfaí‡; bhfliuchfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfliucha mé; go bhfliuchad† | go bhfliucha tú; go bhfliuchair† | go bhfliucha sé, sí | go bhfliuchaimid; go bhfliucha muid | go bhfliucha sibh | go bhfliucha siad; go bhfliuchaid† | — | go bhfliuchtar |
| past | dá bhfliuchainn | dá bhfliuchtá | dá bhfliuchadh sé, sí | dá bhfliuchaimis; dá bhfliuchadh muid | dá bhfliuchadh sibh | dá bhfliuchaidís; dá bhfliuchadh siad | — | dá bhfliuchtaí | |
| imperative | fliuchaim | fliuch | fliuchadh sé, sí | fliuchaimis | fliuchaigí; fliuchaidh† | fliuchaidís | — | fliuchtar | |
| verbal noun | fliuchadh | ||||||||
| past participle | fliuchta | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| fliuch | fhliuch | bhfliuch |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “fliuch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fliuch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “fliuch” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “fliuch” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 30
References
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 14
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *wlikʷos (compare Welsh gwlyb, Cornish glyb), from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (compare Latin liquō (“to melt”), Tocharian A lyīktsi (“to wash”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʲlʲiu̯x/
Adjective
fliuch (comparative fliuchu)
- wet
Inflection
| u-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | fliuch | fliuch | fliuch |
| Vocative | fliuch | ||
| Accusative | fliuch | flich | |
| Genitive | flich | fliuchae | flich |
| Dative | fliuch | flich | fliuch |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | fliuchai | fliuchai | |
| Vocative | fliuchai | ||
| Accusative | fliuchai | ||
| Genitive | * | ||
| Dative | fliuchaib | ||
| Notes | *not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish | ||
Derived terms
- fliuchad
- fliuchaid
- fliuchaide
Descendants
- Irish: fliuch
- Manx: fliugh
- Scottish Gaelic: fliuch
Noun
fliuch n
- damp, wet weather
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| fliuch | ḟliuch | fliuch pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fliuch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish fliuch, from Proto-Celtic *wlikʷos (compare Welsh gwlyb, Cornish glyb), from Proto-Indo-European *wleykʷ- (compare Latin liquō (“to melt”), Tocharian A lyīktsi (“to wash”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /flux/
Adjective
fliuch (comparative fliuiche or fliche)
- wet, rainy, moist, damp, oozy
- là fliuch ― a rainy day
- fuar, fliuch gun deò léirsinn ― cold, wet and stone blind
- bàta fliuch ― a boat given to taking waves on board
Verb
fliuch (past fhliuch, future fliuchaidh, verbal noun fliuchadh, past participle fliuchte)
- wet, moisten
- water
- make drunk
Mutation
| Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition |
| fliuch | fhliuch |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “fliuch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (John Grant, Edinburgh, 1925, Compiled by Malcolm MacLennan)
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fliuch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language