flagellum
English
![](Images/wiktionary/Flagellum_(PSF).png.webp)
Schematic drawing of a protozoan beating a single flagellum
Etymology
From Latin flagellum (“whip”), diminutive of flagrum, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag- (“to strike”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fləˈd͡ʒɛləm/
- Rhymes: -ɛləm
Noun
flagellum (plural flagella or flagellums or flagellae)
- (biology) In protists, a long, whiplike membrane-enclosed organelle used for locomotion or feeding.
- (biology) In bacteria, a long, whiplike proteinaceous appendage, used for locomotion.
- A whip
Synonyms
- (organelle of protists): cilium
- (whip): whip
Translations
long whiplike organelle
|
long whiplike appendage
|
whip — see whip
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin flagellum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /flaːˈɣɛ.lʏm/
- Hyphenation: fla‧gel‧lum
Noun
flagellum m (plural flagella)
- flagellum
- Synonyms: flagel, zweepdraad, zweephaar, zweepstaart
French
Noun
flagellum m (plural flagellums)
- flagellum (whip)
Latin
Etymology
From flagrum (“scourge, whip”) + -lum.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /flaˈɡel.lum/, [fɫ̪äˈɡɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /flaˈd͡ʒel.lum/, [fläˈd͡ʒɛlːum]
Noun
flagellum n (genitive flagellī); second declension
- whip, lash, scourge
- c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 25.9–13:
- […] nē lāneum latusculum manūsque mollicellās
inusta turpiter tibī flagella cōnscribillent […]- […] so that your soft side and your tender hands
burning lashes may not shamefully scribble on […]
- […] so that your soft side and your tender hands
- […] nē lāneum latusculum manūsque mollicellās
- whip for driving animals (riding horses, cattle etc.)
- tentacle
- 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.361–372:
- […] utque sub aequoribus dēprēnsum pōlypus hostem
continet ex omnī dīmissīs parte flagellīs.- […] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy
with tentacles dispatched from every side.
- […] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy
- […] utque sub aequoribus dēprēnsum pōlypus hostem
- young branch, shoot
- c. 4th century, Tiberianus, Pervigilium Veneris 5–6:
- Crās amōrum cōpulātrīx inter umbrās arborum
implicat casās virentēs dē flagellō myrteō.- Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees
weaves green cottages from myrtle branches.
- Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees
- Crās amōrum cōpulātrīx inter umbrās arborum
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | flagellum | flagella |
Genitive | flagellī | flagellōrum |
Dative | flagellō | flagellīs |
Accusative | flagellum | flagella |
Ablative | flagellō | flagellīs |
Vocative | flagellum | flagella |
Synonyms
- scutica
- lorum
- verber
Related terms
- flagellō
- flagrum
Descendants
- Dalmatian:
- Dalmatian: frazial
- North Italian:
- Lombard: fièl, fiaèl
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: flleyél, flél ⇒ eflleyél
- Old French: flaiel, flael, flayau
- French: fléau
- Norman: fléel
- Occitano-Romance:
- Occitan:
- Auvergnat: flagèl
- Gascon: hlagèth, lagèth ⇒ eslagèth, ehlagèth
- Languedocien: flagèl
- Limousin: flageu, flagèl, fleu
- Provençal: flagèu, flèu
- Vivaro-Alpine: fleu, flel, flageu
- Occitan:
- Borrowings
- → Old Breton: flagell
- → Catalan: flagell, flagel
- → English: flagellum, flagellate
- → French: flagelle
- → Galician: flaxelo
- →? Proto-West Germanic: *flagil (see there for further descendants)
- → Byzantine Greek: φραγέλλιον (phragéllion)
- → Aramaic:
- Jewish Literary Aramaic: פְּרַגְלָא (fragəlā)
- Classical Syriac: ܦܪܳܓܶܠܳܐ (frāgĕlā)
- → Arabic: فِرْجَوْن (firjawn), فِرْجَوْل (firjawl)
- → Classical Syriac: ܦܪܓܘܢܐ
- → Coptic: ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓⲟⲛ (phragellion)
- Ottoman Turkish: فرجول (fircevl)
- → Aramaic:
- → Old Irish: sroigell
- Irish: sroigheall
- → Italian: flagello
- → Occitan: flagèl
- → Portuguese: flagelo
- → Romanian: flagel
- → Spanish: flagelo
- → Swedish: flagell
- → Welsh: fflangell, possibly ffrewyll
References
- “flagellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “flagellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- flagellum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- flagellum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette