finis
See also: finís, finiš, and finiş
English
Etymology
From Middle English finis, from Latin fīnis (“end; limit”). Doublet of fine.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfɪnɪs/, /fiːˈniː/
- Rhymes: -ɪnɪs, -iː
Noun
finis
- The end (of a book or other work).
- 1836, — Frederick Marryat, Mr Midshipman Easy
- He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.
- 1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], OCLC 560090630:, Episode 16
- Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward […]
- 1836, — Frederick Marryat, Mr Midshipman Easy
Esperanto
Verb
finis
- past of fini
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fi.ni/
Audio (file) - Homophones: fini, finie, finies, finit, finît
- Rhymes: -i
Adjective
finis
- masculine plural of fini
Verb
finis
- inflection of finir:
- first/second-person singular present indicative
- first/second-person singular past historic
- second-person singular imperative
Participle
finis m pl
- masculine plural of the past participle of finir
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfinis/
Verb
finis
- past of finar
Latin
Etymology
Disputed.[1] Perhaps for *fignis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”), whence figō,[2] or for *fidnis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”), whence findō.
For the meaning, "region", compare pāgus again from a root meaning "to fix".
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfiː.nis/, [ˈfiːnɪs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfi.nis/, [ˈfiːnis]
Noun
fīnis m (genitive fīnis); third declension
- end
- Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen
- in finem ― eternally
- ad finem ― to the end
- finem facio ― I cease
- 29-19 BC, Vergil. Aeneid, 1.199
- dabit Deus hīs quoque fīnem
- God will give an end to these (things) also.
- limit, border, bound boundary, frontier
- Synonyms: līmes, modus, cacūmen
- (in the plural) boundaries, bounds; by extension, territory, region, lands
- limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
- huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.
- For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.
- huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.
- end, purpose, aim, object, telos
- Synonyms: voluntās, intentiō, cōnsilium, propositum, animus, mēns
- death, end (of life)
- Synonyms: mors, fūnus, fātum, exitus, perniciēs, somnus, sopor
- amount (in late juridical writings)
Usage notes
According to Lewis & Short, fīnis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.
Declension
Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or -ī).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | fīnis | fīnēs |
Genitive | fīnis | fīnium |
Dative | fīnī | fīnibus |
Accusative | fīnem | fīnēs fīnīs |
Ablative | fīne fīnī | fīnibus |
Vocative | fīnis | fīnēs |
Derived terms
- affīnis
- fīniō
- fīnitimus
Descendants
- Asturian: fin
- Catalan: fi
- Corsican: fine
- Dalmatian: fain
- Esperanto: fino
- French: fin
- Friulian: fin
- Galician: fin
- Istriot: feîn
- Italian: fine
- Ladin: fin
- Leonese: fin
- Occitan: fin
- Portuguese: fim
- Romanian: fine
- Romansch: fin, fegn
- Sardinian: fine, fini
- Sicilian: fini
- Spanish: fin
- Venetian: fin
- Walloon: fén
- → Proto-Brythonic: *fin (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle Irish: fín (see there for further descendants)
Verb
fīnīs
- second-person singular present active of fīniō
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition)
Further reading
- “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- finis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- finis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
- to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
- such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13)
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
- to come to an end: finem habere
- to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
- to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
- to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
Pijin
Etymology
From English finish.
Particle
finis
- Tense marker for the past perfect tense