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单词 file
释义

file

See also: File, filé, and fíle

English

Pronunciation

  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /faɪl/, [faɪ̯ɫ]
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪl

Etymology 1

From Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of filum.

Noun

file (plural files)

  1. A collection of papers collated and archived together.
    • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii]:
      It is upon a file with the duke's other letters.
  2. A roll or list.
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii]:
      a file of all the gentry
  3. Course of thought; thread of narration.
    • 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers
      Let me resume the file of my narration.
  4. (computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.
    I'm going to delete these unwanted files to free up some disk space.
  5. (computing) The primary item on the menu bar, containing commands such as open, save, print, etc.
  6. A row of modular kitchen units and a countertop, consisting of cabinets and appliances below (dishwasher) and next to (stove/cooker) a countertop.
    Many homes now have double-file kitchens.
  7. (Canada, US) Clipping of file cabinet.
    • 2010, Beth Critchley Charlton, Englaging the DisEngaged‎, page 71:
      The Nonfiction Vertical File: […] I spent my university years working in the library at the Maritime School of Social Work. One of my responsibilities was to keep the library's vertical file up to date. The vertical file was a cabinet full of current newspaper and magazine clippings on topics of interest to the students and faculty of the school.
Synonyms
  • (collection): document, paper
Hyponyms
Hyponyms of file (etymology 1)
  • accordion file
  • audio file
  • batch file
  • binary file
  • box file
  • circular file
  • code file
  • destination file
  • diff file
  • dirt file
  • fact file
  • file 13
  • flat file
  • goat file
  • header file
  • hosts file
  • hypertext file
  • Jenkinsfile
  • kill file
  • long file name
  • make file
  • patch file
  • pseudofile
  • round file
  • sequential file
  • serial file
  • sidecar file
  • source code file
  • source file
  • swap file
  • system file
  • text file
  • tickler file
  • tub file
  • video file
  • zip file
Derived terms
Derived terms of file (etymology 1)
  • file allocation table
  • file association
  • file cabinet
  • file card
  • file carving
  • file clerk
  • file-drawer problem
  • file extension
  • file film
  • file footage
  • file format
  • file handle
  • filehandle
  • file manager
  • filename
  • file name
  • file photo
  • file photograph
  • file picker
  • file pointer
  • file section
  • file server
  • file sharing
  • file shredder
  • file size
  • file system
  • filesystem
  • file type
  • file video
  • file videotape
  • on file
  • paging file
  • per-file
Descendants
Descendants
  • → Armenian: ֆայլ (fayl)
  • → Azerbaijani: fayl
  • → Belarusian: файл (fajl)
  • → Bulgarian: файл (fajl)
  • → Bengali: ফাইল (phail)
  • → Burmese: ဖိုင် (hpuing)
  • → Dutch: file
  • → Estonian: fail
  • → Finnish: faili
  • → German: File
  • → Hindi: फ़ाइल (fāil)
  • → Hungarian: fájl
  • → Italian: file
  • → Japanese: ファイル (fairu)
  • → Kazakh: файл (fail)
  • → Korean: 파일 (pail)
  • → Kyrgyz: файл (fayl)
  • → Lao: ໄຟລ໌ (fain)
  • → Latvian: fails
  • → Lithuanian: failas
  • → Macedonian: фајл (fajl)
  • → Malay: fail
  • → Maltese: fajl
  • → Mongolian: файл (fajl)
  • → Oromo: faayila
  • → Persian: فایل‎ (fâyl)
  • → Portuguese: file
  • → Russian: файл (fajl)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: фајл
    Latin: fajl
  • → Slovak: fajl
  • → Swahili: faili
  • → Tajik: файл (fayl)
  • → Thai: ไฟล์ (faai)
  • → Turkmen: faýl
  • → Ukrainian: файл (fajl)
  • → Urdu: فائل‎ (fāil)
  • → Uzbek: fayl
  • → Welsh: ffeil
Translations

Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)

  1. (transitive) To commit (official papers) to some office.
    • 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:
      The episode’s unwillingness to fully commit to the pathos of the Bart-and-Laura subplot is all the more frustrating considering its laugh quota is more than filled by a rollicking B-story that finds Homer, he of the iron stomach and insatiable appetite, filing a lawsuit against The Frying Dutchman when he’s hauled out of the eatery against his will after consuming all of the restaurant’s shrimp (plus two plastic lobsters).
  2. (transitive) To submit (a story) to a newspaper or similar publication.
  3. (transitive) To place in an archive in a logical place and order.
  4. (transitive) To store a file (aggregation of data) on a storage medium such as a disc or another computer.
  5. (intransitive, with for, chiefly law) To submit a formal request to some office.
    She filed for divorce the next day.
    The company filed for bankruptcy when the office opened on Monday.
    They filed for a refund under their warranty.
  6. (transitive, obsolete) To set in order; to arrange, or lay away.
    • 1606, Francis Beaumont; John Fletcher, “The Woman-Hater”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, OCLC 3083972, Act I, scene ii:
      I would have my several courses and my dishes well filed.
Derived terms
  • file away
  • filing clerk
  • filing fee
  • filings
Translations

Etymology 2

From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).

Noun

file (plural files)

  1. A column of people one behind another, whether "single file" or in a grid pattern.
    Antonym: rank
    The troops marched in Indian file.
  2. (military) A small detachment of soldiers.
  3. (chess) one of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).
    Antonym: rank
Derived terms
  • closed file
  • double file
  • e-file
  • file-card
  • file closer
  • half-open file
  • Indian file
  • open file
  • ranger file
  • rank and file
  • semi-open file
  • single file
Translations

Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)

  1. (intransitive) To move in a file.
    The applicants kept filing into the room until it was full.
Derived terms
  • file in
  • file off the serial numbers
  • file out
  • file past
  • file with
Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English file, fyle, from Old English fēl, fēol (“file”), from earlier fīil, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō, *finhilō (“file, rasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to adorn, form”). Cognate with West Frisian file (“file”), Dutch vijl (“file”), German Feile (“file”).

Noun

A file (tool).

file (plural files)

  1. A hand tool consisting of a handle to which a block of coarse metal is attached, and used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
  2. (slang, archaic) A cunning or resourceful person.
    • 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, OCLC 1061908157:
      Will is an old file, in spite of his smooth face.
    • 1743, Henry Fielding, The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great:
      The greatest character among them was that of a Pickpocket, or, in truer language, a File.
Hyponyms
  • rasp
Derived terms
terms derived from file (tool) (noun)
  • bastard file
  • cross file
  • file shell
  • file snake
  • nail file
  • pippin file
  • rat-tail file
  • round file
  • saw file
Translations

Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)

  1. (transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file.
    I'd better file the bottoms of the table legs. Otherwise they will scratch the flooring.
    • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175:
      Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
Derived terms
  • file down
  • file off
  • filing
Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English filen (“to defile”), from Old English fȳlan (“to defile, make foul”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make foul”). More at defile.

Verb

file (third-person singular simple present files, present participle filing, simple past and past participle filed)

  1. (archaic) To defile.
    • 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
      I cannot thinke […] So true a bird would file ſo faire a neſt, […]
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i]:
      for Banquo's issue have I fil'd my mind
  2. To corrupt.

Anagrams

  • Life, flie, lief, life

Dutch

Etymology 1

From French file (“line, row”), from Late Latin filare, from Latin filum (“thread”). Related to fileren (“to fillet”) and file (“computer file”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: fi‧le

Noun

file f (plural files, diminutive filetje n)

  1. traffic jam
  2. queue
Synonyms
  • opstopping

Etymology 2

From English file (“computer file”), from Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin filum (“thread”). Related to fileren (“to fillet”) and file (“queue, traffic jam”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: file

Noun

file m (plural files, diminutive filetje n)

  1. (computing) file (an aggregation of data on a storage device identified by a name)

Anagrams

  • lief

Esperanto

Etymology

fil- + -e

Adverb

file

  1. filially (in a filial manner or way)

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfileˣ/, [ˈfile̞(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ile
  • Syllabification(key): fi‧le

Noun

file

  1. Alternative form of filee.

Declension

Inflection of file (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominativefilefileet
genitivefileenfileiden
fileitten
partitivefilettäfileitä
illativefileeseenfileisiin
fileihin
singularplural
nominativefilefileet
accusativenom.filefileet
gen.fileen
genitivefileenfileiden
fileitten
partitivefilettäfileitä
inessivefileessäfileissä
elativefileestäfileistä
illativefileeseenfileisiin
fileihin
adessivefileelläfileillä
ablativefileeltäfileiltä
allativefileellefileille
essivefileenäfileinä
translativefileeksifileiksi
instructive—filein
abessivefileettäfileittä
comitative—fileineen
Possessive forms of file (type hame)
possessorsingularplural
1st personfileenifileemme
2nd personfileesifileenne
3rd personfileensä

French

Etymology

From fil or the verb filer.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fil/
  • audio(file)
  • Homophones: fil, filent, files, fils, Phil, -phile

Noun

file f (plural files)

  1. a line of objects placed one after the other
  2. (Belgium) traffic jam
    Synonyms: bouchon, embouteillage

Derived terms

  • chef de file
  • faire la file
  • file d'attente
  • file indienne

Descendants

  • → Dutch: file (“queue, traffic jam”)
  • → English: file (“column of people”)
  • → Spanish: fila

Verb

file

  1. inflection of filer:
    1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

  • “file”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

  • fiel

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish fili, from Primitive Irish ᚃᚓᚂᚔᚈᚐᚄ (velitas), from Proto-Celtic *welīts.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfʲɪlʲə/
  • (Ulster, also) IPA(key): /ˈfʲɨ̞lʲə/

Noun

file m (genitive singular file, nominative plural filí)

  1. poet

Declension

Declension of file

Fourth declension

Bare forms

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativefilefilí
Vocativea fhilea fhilí
Genitivefilefilí
Dativefilefilí

Forms with the definite article

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativean filena filí
Genitivean fhilena bhfilí
Dativeleis an bhfile

don fhile

leis na filí

Archaic declension:

Declension of file

Fifth declension

Bare forms

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativefilefileadha
Vocativea fhilea fhileadha
Genitivefileadhfileadh
Dativefilidhfileadha

Forms with the definite article

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativean filena fileadha
Genitivean fhileadhna bhfileadh
Dativeleis an bhfilidh

don fhilidh

leis na fileadha

Derived terms

  • filíocht
  • pribhléid an fhile (“poetic licence”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
filefhilebhfile
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “file”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 39

Italian

Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from English file.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfa.il/[1]
  • Rhymes: -ail

Noun

file m (invariable)

  1. (computing) file

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfi.le/
  • Rhymes: -ile
  • Hyphenation: fì‧le

Noun

file f

  1. plural of fila

References

  1. file in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Anagrams

  • elfi

Northern Kurdish

Alternative forms

  • fele, fileh, fillah, fille

Etymology

From Arabic فَلَّاح‎ (fallāḥ), from Classical Syriac ܦܠܚܐ‎ (pallāḥā).[1] Sedentary Armenians called so after their way of life by nomadic Kurds.[2]

Noun

Central Kurdishفەلە‎ (fele)

file m or f

  1. Armenian
  2. Christian
  3. peasant, farmer

Derived terms

  • filekî
  • fileyî

References

  1. Chyet, Michael L. (2003), “file”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary, with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 195a
  2. Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 354

Further reading

  • Jaba, Auguste; Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 294b
  • Kurdojev, K. K. (1960), “file”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 263a

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From fil f (“a file”).

Alternative forms

  • fila (a infinitive)

Verb

file (present tense filar/filer, past tense fila/filte, past participle fila/filt, passive infinitive filast, present participle filande, imperative file/fil)

  1. (transitive) To use a file to file.
  2. (transitive) To rub (making a sound).
  3. (transitive, figurative) To polish, refine.

Etymology 2

Probably related to Swedish fil.

Noun

file m (definite singular filen, indefinite plural filar, definite plural filane)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • “file” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Irish

Verb

file

  1. Alternative form of fil

Picard

Etymology

From Latin filia.

Noun

file f (plural files)

  1. girl
  2. daughter
  • fiu

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /filéː/
  • Hyphenation: fi‧lé

Noun

filẹ̑ m inan

  1. fillet

Inflection

Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing.filé
gen. sing.filêja
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		filéfilêjafilêji
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		filêjafilêjevfilêjev
dative
(dajȃlnik)		filêjufilêjemafilêjem
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		filéfilêjafilêje
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		filêjufilêjihfilêjih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		filêjemfilêjemafilêji

Spanish

Verb

file

  1. inflection of filar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative
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