feic
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish ·aicci (“sees”), prototonic form of ad·cí, from Proto-Celtic *adkʷiseti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“observe”) (compare Sanskrit चायति (cāyati, “perceives”)) or Proto-Indo-European *kʷes- (compare Sanskrit चक्षति (cakṣati, “sees”)). The initial f- of the Modern Irish form comes from the misinterpretation of aic- as lenited fhaic- (later modified to fheic). Compare Scottish Gaelic faic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fʲɛc/
Noun
feic m (genitive singular feic, nominative plural feiceanna)
- (disparagingly) sight, spectacle
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Verb
feic (present analytic feiceann, future analytic feicfidh, verbal noun feiceáil, past participle feicthe)
- (transitive, intransitive) see
Conjugation
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | feicim | feiceann tú; feicir† | feiceann sé, sí | feicimid; feiceann muid | feiceann sibh | feiceann siad; feicid† | a fheiceann; a fheiceas / a bhfeiceann*; a bhfeiceas* | feictear |
| past independent | chonaic mé; chonaiceas; chonac | chonaic tú; chonaicis | chonaic sé, sí | chonaiceamar; chonaic muid | chonaic sibh; chonaiceabhair | chonaic siad; chonaiceadar | a chonaic | chonacthas | |
| past dependent | faca mé; facas | faca tú; facais | faca sé, sí | facamar; faca muid | faca sibh; facabhair | faca siad; facadar | a bhfaca* | facthas | |
| past habitual | d'fheicinn / fheicinn‡; bhfeicinn‡‡ | d'fheicteá / fheicteá‡; bhfeicteᇇ | d'fheiceadh sé, sí / fheiceadh sé, sí‡; bhfeiceadh‡‡ | d'fheicimis; d'fheiceadh muid / fheicimis‡; fheiceadh muid‡ | d'fheiceadh sibh / fheiceadh sibh‡ | d'fheicidís; d'fheiceadh siad / fheicidís‡; fheiceadh siad‡ | a d'fheiceadh / a bhfeiceadh* | d'fheictí / fheictí‡ | |
| future | feicfidh mé; feicfead | feicfidh tú; feicfir† | feicfidh sé, sí | feicfimid; feicfidh muid | feicfidh sibh | feicfidh siad; feicfid† | a fheicfidh; a fheicfeas / a bhfeicfidh*; a bhfeicfeas* | feicfear | |
| conditional | d'fheicfinn / fheicfinn‡; bhfeicfinn‡‡ | d'fheicfeá / fheicfeá‡; bhfeicfeᇇ | d'fheicfeadh sé, sí / fheicfeadh sé, sí‡; bhfeicfeadh sé, s퇇 | d'fheicfimis; d'fheicfeadh muid / fheicfimis‡; fheicfeadh muid‡; bhfeicfimis‡‡; bhfeicfeadh muid‡‡ | d'fheicfeadh sibh / fheicfeadh sibh‡; bhfeicfeadh sibh‡‡ | d'fheicfidís; d'fheicfeadh siad / fheicfidís‡; fheicfeadh siad‡; bhfeicfidís‡‡; bhfeicfeadh siad‡‡ | a d'fheicfeadh / a bhfeicfeadh* | d'fheicfí / fheicfí‡; bhfeicf퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go bhfeice mé; go bhfeicead† | go bhfeice tú; go bhfeicir† | go bhfeice sé, sí | go bhfeicimid; go bhfeice muid | go bhfeice sibh | go bhfeice siad; go bhfeicid† | — | go bhfeictear |
| past | dá bhfeicinn | dá bhfeicteá | dá bhfeiceadh sé, sí | dá bhfeicimis; dá bhfeiceadh muid | dá bhfeiceadh sibh | dá bhfeicidís; dá bhfeiceadh siad | — | dá bhfeictí | |
| imperative | feicim | feic | feiceadh sé, sí | feicimis | feicigí; feicidh† | feicidís | — | feictear | |
| verbal noun | feiceáil | ||||||||
| past participle | feicthe | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡ Dependent form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
In older literary language and Munster, the present indicative, past habitual, future, and conditional have independent forms built on the stem chí- (in West Kerry delenited to cí-); the feic- forms listed above are dependent and are only used in the present and habitual. In Munster, the past independent forms are pronounced with initial /xn-/ but spelled in a variety of ways. The verbal noun is also different in Munster:
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present independent | chím; cím¶ | chí tú; chíonn tú; chír; cíonn tú¶ | chí sé, sí; chíonn sé, sí; cíonn sé, sí¶ | chímid; címíd¶ | chí sibh; chíonn sibh; cíonn sibh¶ | chí siad; chíonn siad; chíd; cíonn siad¶; cíd¶ | a chí; a chíonn; a chíos | chítear; cítear¶ |
| past habitual independent | chínn | chítheá | chíodh sé, sí | chímis | chíodh sibh | chídís; chíodh siad | a chíodh | chítí | |
| past independent | chon(n)ac; chnuc | chonaicís; chnuicís | chon(n)aic sé, sí; chnuic sé, sí | chonaiceamair; chonacamair; chnuiceamair | chonaiceabhair; chonacabhair; chnuiceabhair | chonaiceadar; chonacadar; chnuiceadar | a chon(n)aic | chonacathas; connc(ath)as; chnucathas; c(h)nuiceadh | |
| past dependent | feaca | feacaís | feaca(igh) sé, sí | feacamair | feacabhair | feacadar | a bhfeaca | feac(th)as; feacadh; feacathars | |
| future independent | chífidh mé; chífead; cífidh mé¶; cífead¶ | chífidh tú; chífir; cífidh tú¶; cífir¶ | chífidh sé, sí; cífidh sé, sí¶ | chífimid; cífimid¶ | chífidh sibh; cífidh sibh¶ | chífidh siad; chífid; cífidh siad¶; cífid¶ | a chífidh; a chífeas | chífear; cífear¶ | |
| future dependent | gcífidh mé; gcífead | gcífidh tú; gcífir | gcífidh sé, sí | gcífimid | gcífidh sibh | gcífidh siad; gcífid | a gcífidh; a gcífeas | gcífear | |
| conditional independent | chífinn | chífeá | chífeadh sé, sí | chífimis | chífeadh sibh | chífidís; chífeadh siad | a chífeadh | chífí | |
| conditional dependent | gcífinn | gcífeá | gcífeadh sé, sí | gcífimis | gcífeadh sibh | gcífidís; gcífeadh siad | a gcífeadh | gcífí | |
| verbal noun | feiscint | ||||||||
¶ West Kerry
In Ulster, the present indicative, past habitual, future, and conditional have independent forms built on the stem tí- (also spelled tchí-); the feic- forms listed above are dependent and are only used in the present and habitual. The simple past indicative independent form is thainic or thanaic (the dependent form being faca, as in the standard language):
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present independent | tím; tí(onn) mé; tchím; tchí(onn) mé | tí(onn) tú; tchí(onn) tú | tí(onn) sé, sí; tchí(onn) sé, sí | tímid; tí(onn) muid; tchímid; tchí(onn) muid | tí(onn) sibh; tchí(onn) sibh | tí(onn) siad; tchí(onn) siad | a tí(onn); a tíos; a tchí(onn); a tchíos | títhear; tchíthear |
| past independent | thainic/thanaic mé | thainic/thanaic tú | thainic/thanaic sé, sí | thainic/thanaic muid | thainic/thanaic sibh | thainic/thanaic siad | a thainic/thanaic | thanacthas | |
| past habitual independent | tínn; tchínn | títheá; tchítheá | tíodh sé, sí; tchíodh mé | tímis; tíodh muid; tchímis; tchíodh muid | tíodh sibh; tchíodh sibh | tíodh siad; tchíodh siad | a tíodh; a tchíodh | títí; tchítí | |
| future | tífidh mé; tchífidh mé | tífidh tú; tchífidh tú | tífidh sé, sí; tchífidh sé, sí | tífimid; tífidh muid; tchífimid; tchífidh muid | tífidh sibh; tchífidh sibh | tífidh siad; tchífidh siad | a tífidh; a tífeas; tchífidh; tchífeas | tífear; tchífear | |
| conditional | tífinn; tchífinn | tífeá; tchífeá | tífeadh sé, sí; tchífeadh sé, sí | tífimis; tífeadh muid; tchífimis; tchífeadh | tífeadh sibh; tchífeadh sibh | tífeadh siad; tchífeadh siad | a tífeadh; a tchífeadh | tífí; tchífí | |
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| feic | fheic | bhfeic |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “feic”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “feic” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “feic” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.