aggravate
English
Etymology
From Latin aggravatus, past participle of aggravare (“to add to the weight of, make worse, oppress, annoy”), from ad (“to”) + gravare (“to make heavy”), from gravis (“heavy”). See grave and compare aggrieve and aggrege.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈæɡ.ɹə.veɪ̯t/
Audio (UK) (file)
Verb
aggravate (third-person singular simple present aggravates, present participle aggravating, simple past and past participle aggravated)
- To make (an offence) worse or more severe; to increase in offensiveness or heinousness. [from 16th c.]
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i], page 23, column 2:
- Once more, the more to aggrauate the note,
With a foule Traitors name ſtuffe I thy throte,
And wiſh (ſo pleaſe my Soueraigne) ere I moue,
What my tong ſpeaks, my right drawn ſword may proue
- 1709 Joseph Addison, The Tatler
- The defense made by the prisoner's counsel did rather aggravate than extenuate his crime.
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- (by extension) To make worse; to exacerbate. [from 16th c.]
- 1726, Homer; [William Broome], transl., “Book XVI”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume IV, London: […] Bernard Lintot, OCLC 8736646:
- to aggravate my woes.
- 1837, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic
- […] to aggravate the horrors of the scene
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- (now rare) To give extra weight or intensity to; to exaggerate, to magnify. [from 16th c.]
- He aggravated the story.
- (obsolete) To pile or heap (something heavy or onerous) on or upon someone. [16th–18th c.]
- 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford 2009, p. 28:
- In order to lighten the crown still further, they aggravated responsibility on ministers of state.
- 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Oxford 2009, p. 28:
- (now chiefly colloquial) To exasperate; to provoke or irritate. [from 16th c.]
- 1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], OCLC 13631815:
- If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do mine.
- 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, p. 85:
- Ben Bella was aggravated by having to express himself in French because the Egyptians were unable to understand his Arabic.
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Usage notes
Although the meaning "to exasperate, to annoy" has been in continuous usage since the 16th century, a large number of usage mavens have contested it since the 1870s. Opinions have swayed from this proscription since 1965, but it still garners disapproval in Garner's Modern American Usage (2009), at least for formal writing.
Synonyms
- (to make worse): heighten, intensify, increase, magnify, exaggerate, exacerbate
- (to exasperate): provoke, irritate, exasperate
- See also Thesaurus:annoy
Antonyms
- (to make worse): alleviate, mitigate
Derived terms
- reaggravate
Related terms
- aggravation
Translations
To make worse, or more severe
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To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; as, to aggravate circumstances
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To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate
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Further reading
- aggravate in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
- aggravate in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
Italian
Verb
aggravate
- inflection of aggravare:
- second-person plural present indicative
- second-person plural imperative
Participle
aggravate f pl
- feminine plural of aggravato
Anagrams
- aggrevata
Latin
Verb
aggravāte
- second-person plural present active imperative of aggravō