eʼeʼáád
Navajo
Etymology
ʼa- (“away”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -Ø- (3rd person subject prefix) + -Ø- (classifier) + -ʼáád (imperfective stem of root -ʼAH, “to propel a flat flexible object”), lit. “to toss (some paper) away”
Verb
eʼeʼáád
- he/she is casting a ballot, he/she is voting
- Iʼííʼah! ― I voted!
- Iʼdííʼał! ― Vote!
Usage notes
The unspecified flat flexible object refers to the ballot, or naaltsoos. When object is specified, one says: naaltsoos iiʼáád.
In the plural, one can also use the verbsiʼiinííł or naaltsoos ayiinííł, seriative verbs from the root -NIL (“to propel plural objects”).
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (Ø/yi), with partial da-shift.
| IMPERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | eʼeshʼáád | iʼiitʼáád | adaʼiitʼáád |
| 2nd person | iʼíʼáád | oʼohʼáád | adaʼohʼáád |
| 3rd person | eʼeʼáád | adaʼaʼáád | |
| 4th person | iʼjiʼáád | adaʼjiʼáád | |
| PERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | iʼííʼah | iʼiitʼah | adaʼiitʼah |
| 2nd person | iʼííníʼah | oʼooʼah | adaʼooʼah |
| 3rd person | iʼííʼah | adaʼazʼah | |
| 4th person | iʼjííʼah | adaʼjizʼah | |
| FUTURE | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | iʼdeeshʼał | iʼdiitʼał | adaʼdiitʼał |
| 2nd person | iʼdííʼał | iʼdoohʼał | adaʼdoohʼał |
| 3rd person | iʼdooʼał | adaʼdooʼał | |
| 4th person | izhʼdooʼał | adazhʼdooʼał | |
Related terms
- yiʼáád (“to toss FFO”)
- iiʼáád (“to toss FFO away”)
See also
- yinííł (“to toss PlO1”)
- iinííł (“to toss PlO1 away”)
- ayiinííł (“to toss PlO1 away seriatively”)
- iʼiinííł (“to toss unspec PlO1 away seriatively”)