extraneus
Latin
Etymology
extrā (“outside”) + -āneus.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ekˈstraː.ne.us/, [ɛkˈs̠t̪räːneʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈstra.ne.us/, [ekˈst̪räːneus]
Adjective
extrāneus (feminine extrānea, neuter extrāneum); first/second-declension adjective
- foreign
- strange
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | extrāneus | extrānea | extrāneum | extrāneī | extrāneae | extrānea | |
| Genitive | extrāneī | extrāneae | extrāneī | extrāneōrum | extrāneārum | extrāneōrum | |
| Dative | extrāneō | extrāneō | extrāneīs | ||||
| Accusative | extrāneum | extrāneam | extrāneum | extrāneōs | extrāneās | extrānea | |
| Ablative | extrāneō | extrāneā | extrāneō | extrāneīs | |||
| Vocative | extrānee | extrānea | extrāneum | extrāneī | extrāneae | extrānea | |
Noun
extrāneus m (genitive extrāneī); second declension
- foreigner
- stranger; outsider
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs 27:2:
- Laudet tē aliēnus, et nōn os tuum: extrāneus, et nōn labia tua.
- Let another praise thee, and not thy own mouth: a stranger, and not thy own lips.
(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
- Let another praise thee, and not thy own mouth: a stranger, and not thy own lips.
- Laudet tē aliēnus, et nōn os tuum: extrāneus, et nōn labia tua.
Declension
Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | extrāneus | extrāneī |
| Genitive | extrāneī | extrāneōrum |
| Dative | extrāneō | extrāneīs |
| Accusative | extrāneum | extrāneōs |
| Ablative | extrāneō | extrāneīs |
| Vocative | extrānee | extrāneī |
Descendants
- Aromanian: striin
- Asturian: estrañu
- Corsican: stranieru
- Old French: estrange
- Middle French: estrange
- French: étrange
- Norman: êtrangi
- Tourangeau: estainde
- → Middle English: straunge, strang, strange, stranghe, straunche, straunge, strong, stronge, strounge
- English: strange
- Scots: streenge, strynge
- Middle French: estrange
- Friulian: strani
- Italian: strano
- Lombard: strani
- Old Occitan:
- Catalan: estrany
- Occitan: estranh
- Piedmontese: stran
- Old Portuguese: estranno
- Galician: estraño
- Portuguese: estranho
- Romanian: străin
- Sicilian: stranu
- Old Spanish: estranno
- Spanish: extraño
- Venetian: stranio
- → Proto-Brythonic: *estrọn (see there for further descendants)
- → English: extraneous (learned)
- → Italian: estraneo (semi-learned)
References
- “extraneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “extraneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- extraneus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- extraneus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette