extraire
French
Etymology
Changed, based on the Latin root, from the original Old French estraire, from Vulgar Latin *extragere, from Latin extrahere, present active infinitive of extrahō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛk.stʁɛʁ/
extraire (file)
Verb
extraire
- extract (to draw out)
Conjugation
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -extray- root: *je extrayis, *que nous extrayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms.The root -extrais- was used instead of -extray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
Conjugation of extraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | extraire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | extrayant /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | extrait /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/ | extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/ | extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ | extrayais /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ | extrayait /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ | extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ | extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ | extrayaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | extrayai /ɛk.stʁɛe/ | extrayas /ɛk.stʁɛa/ | extraya /ɛk.stʁɛa/ | extrayâmes /ɛk.stʁɛam/ | extrayâtes /ɛk.stʁɛat/ | extrayèrent /ɛk.stʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | extrairai /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/ | extrairas /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/ | extraira /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/ | extrairons /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | extrairez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/ | extrairont /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ | extrairais /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ | extrairait /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ | extrairions /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ | extrairiez /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁje/ | extrairaient /ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | extraies /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | extraie /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | extrayions /ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ | extrayiez /ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ | extraient /ɛk.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | extrayasse /ɛk.stʁɛas/ | extrayasses /ɛk.stʁɛas/ | extrayât /ɛk.stʁɛa/ | extrayassions /ɛk.stʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ | extrayassiez /ɛk.stʁɛa.sje/ | extrayassent /ɛk.stʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | extrais /ɛk.stʁɛ/ | — | extrayons /ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/ | extrayez /ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- extrait
Further reading
- “extraire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.