extinguo
Latin
Alternative forms
- exstinguō
Etymology
From ex- + stinguō. Compare tinguō (“wet, moisten”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ekˈstin.ɡʷoː/, [ɛkˈs̠t̪ɪŋɡʷoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈstin.ɡwo/, [ekˈst̪iŋɡwo]
Verb
extinguō (present infinitive extinguere, perfect active extīnxī, supine extīnctum); third conjugation
- I quench, extinguish, kill.
Conjugation
Conjugation of extinguō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | extinguō | extinguis | extinguit | extinguimus | extinguitis | extinguunt |
imperfect | extinguēbam | extinguēbās | extinguēbat | extinguēbāmus | extinguēbātis | extinguēbant | |
future | extinguam | extinguēs | extinguet | extinguēmus | extinguētis | extinguent | |
perfect | extīnxī | extīnxistī | extīnxit | extīnximus | extīnxistis | extīnxērunt, extīnxēre | |
pluperfect | extīnxeram | extīnxerās | extīnxerat | extīnxerāmus | extīnxerātis | extīnxerant | |
future perfect | extīnxerō | extīnxeris | extīnxerit | extīnxerimus | extīnxeritis | extīnxerint | |
sigmatic future1 | extīnxō | extīnxis | extīnxit | extīnximus | extīnxitis | extīnxint | |
passive | present | extinguor | extingueris, extinguere | extinguitur | extinguimur | extinguiminī | extinguuntur |
imperfect | extinguēbar | extinguēbāris, extinguēbāre | extinguēbātur | extinguēbāmur | extinguēbāminī | extinguēbantur | |
future | extinguar | extinguēris, extinguēre | extinguētur | extinguēmur | extinguēminī | extinguentur | |
perfect | extīnctus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | extīnctus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | extīnctus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | extinguam | extinguās | extinguat | extinguāmus | extinguātis | extinguant |
imperfect | extinguerem | extinguerēs | extingueret | extinguerēmus | extinguerētis | extinguerent | |
perfect | extīnxerim | extīnxerīs | extīnxerit | extīnxerīmus | extīnxerītis | extīnxerint | |
pluperfect | extīnxissem | extīnxissēs | extīnxisset | extīnxissēmus | extīnxissētis | extīnxissent | |
sigmatic aorist1 | extīnxim | extīnxīs | extīnxīt | extīnxīmus | extīnxītis | extīnxint | |
passive | present | extinguar | extinguāris, extinguāre | extinguātur | extinguāmur | extinguāminī | extinguantur |
imperfect | extinguerer | extinguerēris, extinguerēre | extinguerētur | extinguerēmur | extinguerēminī | extinguerentur | |
perfect | extīnctus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | extīnctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | extingue | — | — | extinguite | — |
future | — | extinguitō | extinguitō | — | extinguitōte | extinguuntō | |
passive | present | — | extinguere | — | — | extinguiminī | — |
future | — | extinguitor | extinguitor | — | — | extinguuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | extinguere | extīnxisse | extīnctūrum esse | extinguī | extīnctum esse | extīnctum īrī | |
participles | extinguēns | — | extīnctūrus | — | extīnctus | extinguendus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
extinguendī | extinguendō | extinguendum | extinguendō | extīnctum | extīnctū |
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
Descendants
- Aromanian: astingu, astindziri
- Bourguignon: étoindre
- Catalan: extingir
- English: extinct, extinguish
- Franco-Provençal: êtiendre
- French: éteindre
- Italian: estinguere, stinguere
- Occitan: esténher, esténger
- Old French: estaindre
- Portuguese: extinguir
- Romanian: stinge, stingere
- Spanish: extinguir
References
- “extinguo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers