exile

See also: Exile and exilé

English

Etymology

From Middle English exil, borrowed from Old French essil, exil, from Latin exsilium, exilium (“state of exile”), derived from exsul, exul (“exiled person”).

Pronunciation

(UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/, /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/
(obsolete, for the verb) IPA^(key): /ɪɡˈzaɪl/[1]
Hyphenation: ex‧ile
Audio (UK) (file)

Noun

exile (countable and uncountable, plural exiles)

(uncountable) The state of being banished from one's home or country.
Synonym: banishment
He lived in exile.
They chose exile rather than assimilation.
- c. 1590–1591, William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iv]:
  Let them be recalled from their exile.
(countable) Someone who is banished from their home or country.
Synonym: expatriate
- c. 1588–1593, William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:
  Thou art an exile, and thou must not stay.
She lived as an exile.

Derived terms

government in exile
internal exile
self-exile
tax exile

Translations

the state of being banished from one's home or country

Albanian: mërgim (sq) m, syrgjyn (sq) m, internim (sq) m
Arabic: نَفْي‎ m (nafy), تَبْعِيد‎ m (tabʿīd)
Aramaic: גלותא‎ f
Armenian: աքսոր (hy) (akʿsor), աքսորում (hy) (akʿsorum)
Asturian: exiliu m, estierru m, destierru m
Azerbaijani: sürgün
Bashkir: һөргөн (hörgön)
Belarusian: выгна́нне n (vyhnánnje), засла́нне n (zaslánnje)
Bulgarian: изгна́ние (bg) n (izgnánie), заточе́ние (bg) n (zatočénie)
Catalan: exili (ca) m, bandejament m, desterrament m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 流亡 (zh) (liúwáng), 放逐 (zh) (fàngzhú), 流放 (zh) (liúfàng)
Czech: vyhnanství n, exil (cs) m
Danish: eksil n
Dutch: ballingschap (nl) f, verbanning (nl) f
Estonian: eksiil, maapagu
Finnish: maanpako (fi), maanpakolaisuus (fi)
French: exil (fr) m
Galician: exilio m, desterro m
Georgian: გაძევება (gaʒeveba), განდევნა (gandevna)
German: Exil (de) n, Verbannung (de) f
Greek: εξορία (el) f (exoría)
Ancient: ἐξορία f (exoría)
Hebrew: גָּלוּת‎ (he) f (galút)
Hindi: निर्वासन (hi) m (nirvāsan)
Hungarian: száműzés (hu), száműzetés (hu)
Icelandic: útlegð (is)
Indonesian: pengasingan (id), eksil
Irish: deoraíocht f
Italian: esilio (it) m
Japanese: 亡命 (ja) (ぼうめい, bōmei), 追放 (ja) (ついほう, tsuihō)
Kazakh: айдалу (aidalu), қуғын (quğyn), сүргін (sürgın)
Korean: 망명(亡命) (ko) (mangmyeong), 추방(追放) (ko) (chubang)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: sirgûn (ku) f
Kyrgyz: сүргүн (ky) (sürgün)
Latin: exsilium n, ablēgātiō f
Latvian: trimda f, izraidījums m
Lithuanian: tremtis f
Macedonian: изгнанство n (izgnanstvo), прогонство n (progonstvo), егзил m (egzil)
Malay: buangan (ms), eksil
Maltese: eżilju m
Manx: joarreeaght f, joarreeys m
Maori: whakapakotanga
Norwegian:
Bokmål: eksil n, utlendighet m or f
Nynorsk: eksil n
Occitan: exili (oc) m
Old English: wræc n
Persian: تبعید‎ (fa) (tab'id)
Polish: uchodźstwo n, wygnanie (pl) n, banicja (pl) f (historical), zesłanie (pl) n
Portuguese: exílio (pt) m, desterro (pt) m
Romanian: exil (ro) n, exilare (ro) f
Russian: ссы́лка (ru) f (ssýlka), изгна́ние (ru) n (izgnánije)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: изгна̀нство n, про̀го̄нство n, ѐгзӣл m, ѝзгон m
Roman: izgnànstvo n, prògōnstvo (sh) n, ègzīl (sh) m, ìzgon m
Slovak: vyhnanstvo n, exil m
Slovene: pregnanstvo n, izgnanstvo n, izgon (sl) m
Spanish: exilio (es) m, destierro (es) m
Swedish: exil (sv) c
Tajik: бадарға (badarġa), табъид (tabʾid)
Tatar: сөрген (tt) (sörgen)
Thai: การเนรเทศ (th) (gaan-nee-rá-têet)
Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
Turkish: sürgün (tr)
Turkmen: sürgün
Ukrainian: вигна́ння n (vyhnánnja), засла́ння n (zaslánnja), екзи́ль (uk) m (ekzýlʹ), екзи́л (uk) m (ekzýl)
Uyghur: سۈرگۈن‎ (sürgün)
Uzbek: surgun (uz)
Volapük: xil (vo)
Welsh: alltudiaeth f

someone who is banished from one's home or country

Albanian: internuar (sq) m, internuare f
Armenian: աքսորյալ (hy) (akʿsoryal)
Bashkir: һөрөлгән кеше (hörölgän keşe)
Belarusian: выгна́ннік m (vyhnánnik), выгна́нніца f (vyhnánnica)
Bulgarian: изгна́ник (bg) m (izgnánik), изгна́ница f (izgnánica), изгна́ничка f (izgnánička), зато́ченик (bg) m (zatóčenik), зато́ченица f (zatóčenica), зато́ченичка f (zatóčenička)
Catalan: exiliat (ca) m, exiliada (ca) f, bandejat (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 流亡者 (zh) (liúwángzhe)
Crimean Tatar: please add this translation if you can
Czech: vyhnanec m, vyhnankyně f, exulant (cs) m, exulantka f
Dutch: banneling (nl) m
Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
Estonian: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: maanpakolainen (fi)
French: exilé (fr) m
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: Exilant (de) m, Exilantin (de) f, Verbannter m
Greek: εξόριστος (el) m (exóristos)
Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} גולה / גֻּלָּה‎ m or f (gulá)
Hungarian: száműzött (hu)
Icelandic: útlagi (is) m
Irish: deoraí m
Italian: esiliato (it), esule (it)
Japanese: 亡命者 (ぼうめいしゃ, bōmeisha)
Kazakh: қуғындалушы (quğyndaluşy)
Korean: 망명자(亡命者) (mangmyeongja)
Latin: exsul m or f
Latvian: trimdinieks m, izraidītais m
Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
Manx: eebyrtagh m, fogaragh m, skeayltagh m
Old English: wreċċa m
Polish: wygnaniec (pl) m, wygnanka (pl) f, banita (pl) m (historical), banitka (pl) f (historical)
Portuguese: exilado (pt) m
Romanian: exilat (ro) m
Russian: ссы́льный (ru) m (ssýlʹnyj), ссы́льная (ru) f (ssýlʹnaja), изгна́нник (ru) m (izgnánnik), изгна́нница (ru) f (izgnánnica)
Scottish Gaelic: fògarrach m, deòradh m, eilthireach m
Serbo-Croatian:
Roman: ìzgnanīk m, ìzgnanica f, prògnanīk (sh) m, prògnanica (sh) f
Slovak: vyhnanec m, vyhnankyňa f
Spanish: exiliado (es) m, desterrado (es) m
Swedish: landsflykting c
Tibetan: བཙན་བྱོལ་བ (btsan byol ba)
Turkish: please add this translation if you can
Ukrainian: вигна́нець m (vyhnánecʹ), вигна́ниця f (vyhnánycja)
Volapük: xiläb (vo)
Welsh: alltud m or f
West Frisian: balling ?

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Breton: ^{(please verify)} divroañ (br) ?
Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} útlagi ?

Verb

exile (third-person singular simple present exiles, present participle exiling, simple past and past participle exiled)

(transitive) To send (someone or something) into exile.
Synonyms: banish, forban, expatriate
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene viii]:
  Calling home our exiled friends abroad.
- 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Palace of Art”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 3944791, stanza LXVIII, page 87:
  She, mouldering with the dull earth's mouldering sod, / Inwrapt tenfold in slothful shame, / Lay there exiled from eternal God, / Lost to her place and name.

Translations

to send into exile

Asturian: exiliar, esterrar, desterrar
Azerbaijani: sürgün etmək, sürmək (az), sürdürmək
Belarusian: высыла́ць impf (vysylácʹ), вы́слаць pf (výslacʹ)
Bulgarian: заточавам (bg) (zatočavam)
Catalan: exiliar (ca), bandejar (ca), desterrar (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: please add this translation if you can
Dalmatian: esiljur
Danish: forvise
Dutch: verbannen (nl)
Esperanto: ekzili
Finnish: karkottaa (fi), ajaa maanpakoon
French: exiler (fr)
Galician: exiliar, desterrar (gl)
German: ins Exil schicken, exilieren
Greek: εξορίζω (el) (exorízo)
Ancient: ἐξορίζω (exorízō)
Hebrew: הגלה‎ (higlá)
Hungarian: száműz (hu)
Irish: ionnarb, díbir
Italian: esiliare (it)
Latin: exsulo
Latvian: izraidīt
Luxembourgish: exiléieren
Manx: eebyrt, eebree
Maori: whakapako
Norwegian: forvise
Occitan: exiliar (oc), faidir, fòrabandir (oc)
Polish: wygnać (pl), banitować (pl) impf (historical or literary)
Portuguese: exilar (pt), desterrar (pt)
Romanian: exila (ro)
Russian: вы́сылать (ru) impf (výsylatʹ), вы́слать (ru) pf (výslatʹ)
Spanish: exiliar (es), desterrar (es), proscribir (es), trasterrar (esp. Mexico)
Swedish: landsförvisa (sv), exilera (sv)
Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
Ukrainian: висила́ти impf (vysyláty), ви́слати pf (výslaty)
Welsh: alltudio

References

Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 6.7, page 205.

Anagrams

Lexie, lexie

French

Verb

exile

inflection of exiler:
1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
2. second-person singular imperative

Latin

Adjective

exīle

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of exīlis

Portuguese

Verb

exile

inflection of exilar:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

exile

inflection of exilar:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

[1] Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volume I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 6.7, page 205.