exercer
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/
Audio (file)
Verb
exercer
- to instruct, to command
- to exercise
- to practise, to do
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of exercer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | exercer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | exerçant /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | exercé /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | exerces /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | exerçons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/ | exercez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ | exercent /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
| imperfect | exerçais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ | exerçais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ | exerçait /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ | exercions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ | exerciez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/ | exerçaient /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | exerçai /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ | exerças /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/ | exerça /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/ | exerçâmes /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sam/ | exerçâtes /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sat/ | exercèrent /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | exercerai /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ | exerceras /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ | exercera /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ | exercerons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | exercerez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ | exerceront /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | exercerais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | exercerais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | exercerait /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | exercerions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ | exerceriez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁje/ | exerceraient /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | exerces /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | exercions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ | exerciez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/ | exercent /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | exerçasse /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/ | exerçasses /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/ | exerçât /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/ | exerçassions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ | exerçassiez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sje/ | exerçassent /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ | — | exerçons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/ | exercez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:exercer.
Further reading
- “exercer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- exécrer
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zehˈse(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /e.zeɾˈse(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zeχˈse(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /e.zeɻˈse(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /i.zɨɾˈseɾ/
Verb
exercer (first-person singular present exerço, first-person singular preterite exerci, past participle exercido)
- to instruct, to command
- to exercise
- to practise, to do
Conjugation
Conjugation of exercer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | exercer | |||||
| Personal | exercer | exerceres | exercer | exercermos | exercerdes | exercerem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| exercendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | exercido | exercidos | ||||
| Feminine | exercida | exercidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | exerço | exerces | exerce | exercemos | exerceis | exercem |
| Imperfect | exercia | exercias | exercia | exercíamos | exercíeis | exerciam |
| Preterite | exerci | exerceste | exerceu | exercemos | exercestes | exerceram |
| Pluperfect | exercera | exerceras | exercera | exercêramos | exercêreis | exerceram |
| Future | exercerei | exercerás | exercerá | exerceremos | exercereis | exercerão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| exerceria | exercerias | exerceria | exerceríamos | exerceríeis | exerceriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | exerça | exerças | exerça | exerçamos | exerçais | exerçam |
| Imperfect | exercesse | exercesses | exercesse | exercêssemos | exercêsseis | exercessem |
| Future | exercer | exerceres | exercer | exercermos | exercerdes | exercerem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | exerce | exerça | exerçamos | exercei | exerçam | |
| Negative (não) | não exerças | não exerça | não exerçamos | não exerçais | não exerçam | |